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Pioneers of Psychology

Pioneers of Psychology. Psychodynamic (Freud, Jung, Horney) Behavioural (Skinner, Pavlov) Humanist (Maslow, Frankl , Rogers) Cognitive (Bandura, Loftus). Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Father of psychoanalysis Understanding the UNCONSCIOUS mind is key to understanding human behaviour

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Pioneers of Psychology

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  1. Pioneers of Psychology • Psychodynamic (Freud, Jung, Horney) • Behavioural (Skinner, Pavlov) • Humanist (Maslow, Frankl, Rogers) • Cognitive (Bandura, Loftus)

  2. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Father of psychoanalysis • Understanding the UNCONSCIOUS mind is key to understanding human behaviour • Used Dream interpretation & free association to discover unconscious

  3. FREUD – KEY IDEAS • Mind has 3 parts: ego, id superego • When dealt with anxiety, mind uses defence mechanisms to cope • Defence mechanisms distort reality (repression, projection, denial, displacement, regression, etc.)

  4. FREUD – Key Terms • UNCONSCIOUS – part of our mind that holds our unacceptable thoughts, feelings, memories; we are not aware of our unconscious • EGO – rational part of mind (conscious) • ID – instinctual part of mind; seeks pleasure (unconscious) • SUPEREGO – moral centre of the mind (unconscious)

  5. Carl Jung – (1875-1961) • Student of Freud • Disagreed about the influence of sexuality on human behaviour

  6. JUNG – Key Ideas • Founded analytical psychology (way to understand motivation) • Goal = achieving balance in your psyche (conscious & unconscious part of mind) • Unconscious = personal & collective • Like Freud, explored dreams, past events

  7. JUNG – Key Terms • Collective Unconscious – shared, inherited pool of memories from our ancestors • Archetypes – universal symbols that ten to reappear over time (hero, mother, shadow, anima, animus)

  8. JUNG - Personality • Introverted or extroverted • 4 personality types: thinking, feeling, sensing, intuiting • Myers-Briggs test , True Colours came out of Jung’s theories

  9. KAREN HORNEY – (1885-1952) • Development is lifelong, not fixed in childhood • Followed Freud’s basic concepts, but disagreed with Freud’s focus on sexual conflicts in childhood AND thought Freud did not accurately reflect females

  10. HORNEY – Key Ideas • Founder of feminine psychology (i.e. women deal with unique issues) • Highlights gender bias in traditional psych theories

  11. HORNEY- Key Terms • Neo-Freudian = psychologists who modified Freud’s theory to include social and cultural aspects

  12. Victor Frankl – (1905-1997) • Humanist Psychologist • Imprisoned in Auschwitz • Believed those who survived did so because they had something to believe in/hold on to (loved ones, faith, MEANING)

  13. FRANKL – Key Ideas • All people have an inborn inclination to seek meaning in life • Meaning = motivation • Without meaning, one feels empty, depressed • Freedom of will = we all have choice in situations

  14. FRANKL – Key Terms • LOGOTHERAPY – psychotherapy that tries to help patient find the aim and meaning of his/her own life

  15. Albert Bandura – (1925- ) • Cognitive Psychologist • Canadian

  16. BANDURA – Key Ideas • People learn behaviour by watching an imitating others • Bobo doll experiment • Aggression in children increases after exposure to aggression

  17. BANDURA – Key Terms • COGNITION = the mental processes in the brain associate with thinking, knowing, and remembering

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