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INDONESIA

INDONESIA. Presentation on: AGAINST RELIGIOUS PLURALISM : THE RISE OF RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM GROUPS IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA By: SURATNO . INDONESIA IS NEITHER ISLAMIC NOR SECULAR STATE, BUT PANCASILA-BASED-STATE. INDONESIA IS THE LARGEST MUSLIM COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

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INDONESIA

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  1. INDONESIA

  2. Presentation on: AGAINST RELIGIOUS PLURALISM: THE RISE OF RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM GROUPS IN CONTEMPORARY INDONESIA By: SURATNO

  3. INDONESIA IS NEITHER ISLAMIC NOR SECULAR STATE, BUT PANCASILA-BASED-STATE

  4. INDONESIA IS THE LARGEST MUSLIM COUNTRY IN THE WORLD 210.000.000 (82%) OF TOTAL POPULATION ARE MUSLIMS

  5. NU and Muhammadiyah are two largest Muslim organization. Both are Moderate, meaning they are neither liberal nor radical

  6. THE RISE OF RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM GROUPS

  7. HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI) HTI is a trans-national organization, espousing an ideology crafted during the 1950s by the Palestinian, Taqiuddin an-Nabhani. HTI began their activities under-groundly in Indonesia in the middle of 1980s. HT’s international leadership exerts control over its Indonesian branch's activities to an extent virtually unprecedented in Indonesian political life. HTI is bitterly anti-Western and rejects capitalism, democracy, liberalism and pluralism. Its objective is to turn Indonesia into an Islamic state that would be merged into a global caliphate or Muslim super-state. HTI strictly eschews violence, though its rhetoric is often strident and inflammatory. HTI also opposes terrorism, but contrives to depict terrorist attacks that have taken place in Indonesia as the result of Western manipulation and conspiracies.

  8. PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS) • Establish in 1998, PKS is a political party that has been associated with the Egypt-based Muslim Brotherhood; several of its founders attended Brotherhood-related schools. • PKS stages rallies supporting the Palestinians in their conflict with Israel, and against the influence of the US both in the Middle East and in Indonesia. • PKS is an Islamist and conservative party in the sense that it calls for a central role for Islam in public life and tries to Islamize everything. • During the 2004 legislative elections, PKS won 7.3% of the vote and 45 out of 550 seats, making it the seventh-largest party in parliament. This was a gain from the 1.4% received in 1999. • During the 2004 elections Hidayat Nur Wahid was the party leader; he stepped down after being elected head of the People's Consultative Assembly.

  9. FRONT PEMBELA ISLAM (FPI) • FPI is a local and a hard-line Islamic group in Indonesia well known for their violent acts. • It was established in Jakarta in 1998 by Habib Rizieq Shihab (Arabian-Indonesia) but now have spreading throughout Indonesia. • The FPI have conducted weekly during the weekend and yearly raids during the holy month of Ramadan, targeting night clubs, bars they accused un-Islamic • June 2008, FPI attacked AKBB members (Alliance for harmony among believers) who were celebrating Pancasila’s day. • April 2006, FPI attacked Playboy's office in Jakarta by throwing stones. • On October 2004, FPI closed Sang Timur Catholic Church and attack their member who would worship.

  10. MAJELIS MUJAHIDIN INDONESIA(MMI) • MMI is founded in August 2000 by Abu Bakar Bashir to serve as a consensus building body for Islamic groups within Indonesia. • Abu Bakar Bashir is the former leader of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), suspected as an al-Qaeda branches in Southeast Asia. • Suicide bombers in Indonesia such those of Bali Bombing1, Bali Bombing2, Marriot Bomb, Australian Embassy Bom etc, are mostly linked to the JI, formerly headed by Bashir. • Though it is not a terrorist organization itself, the MMI has members from various terrorist organizations on its rolls. Its aim is the creation of an Islamic State in Indonesia. • In December 2007, MMI members were involved in attacks on several Ahmadiyah mosques in Indonesia.

  11. MAKERS OF CONTEMPORARY RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE ISLAM IN INDONESIA Habib Rizieq Shihab (FPI) Abu Bakar Bashir (MMI)

  12. HIDAYATULLAH FOUNDATION (HF) • Hidayatullah Foundation (HF) was founded on 7 January1973by Abdullah Said in Balikpapan as a form of pesantren (Islamic boarding school) • From a pesantren, HF was developed further with many activities such as social, mission, education and economy programs and spread to many regions. • As of 2003, this institution had networks in 200 cities, in every province in Indonesia, with school from kindergarden to university, store, hospital, etc. HF magazine, Suara Hidayatullah and website www.hidayatullah.com get highly attentions from the Muslim in Indonesia. • Since 2001, HF has opened its membership for all adult Muslim. Members are entitled to training and education that will result in the establishment of Hidayatullah cadres. They, in turn, are expected to give back to the society by bringing to it Islamic solutions to all problems.

  13. WHY MUSLIM BECOME RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE? THEOLOGY • Model of Text Interpretation (literaly) • Mis-understanding of Jihad POLITICS • Radical conservatism as a global phenomenon • Transition. From new-order that completely eliminated radical-conservative groups to reformation order that give such groups opportunity to spread out) • Political consensus and Response. Radical conservative is not only religion movement, but political’. Also, they respond not only to the local political events but to the global’. ECONOMY • The failure of economic development. • The critiques toward global capitalism • The politization of marginalized people SOCIO-CULTURE (Why being hostile to the US and the West) 1. The anger towards the invasion of western negative cultures, such as hedonism, consumerism, and permissiveness. “Permissive cultures fade religious values and norms, increase free sex, prostitution, and drug abuses.

  14. WHY MUSLIM BECOME RADICAL-CONSERVATIVE? ECONOMY • The failure of economic development. • The critiques toward global capitalism • The politization of marginalized people MEDIA • The transmission of medias (book, magazine, tabloid, bulletin etc) from other radical conservative groups to similar groups in Indonesia • Media as socialization means for spreading radical-conservative ideas.

  15. Qur’an Sura 21 Al-Anbiya: - Ayat 107 • Transliteration:21:107 Wama arsalnaka illa rahmatan lilAAalameena • ENGLISH21:107 We sent thee not, but as a Mercy for all creatures. • TURKISH21:107 Biz seni alemler için yalnizca bir rahmet olarak gönderdik. • FRENCH21:107 Et Nous ne t'avons envoyé qu'en miséricorde pour l'univers. • GERMAN21:107 Wir entsandten dich nur als eine Barmherzigkeit für alle Welten. • SPANISH21:107 Nosotros no te hemos enviado sino como misericordia para todo el mundo.

  16. THANK YOU

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