Indonesia

1. Indonesia AME Education Sector Profile

2. Indonesia Education System Structure and Gross Enrollments 2007 Education Structure Source: World Bank EdStats, UNESCO Institute for Statistics

3. Indonesia Education Structure • Compulsory education in Indonesia consists of grades 1-9. • 25% of children at primary level are over-age as indicated by the large gross enrollment percentage. Source: World Bank EdStats, UNESCO Institute for Statistics

4. Indonesia • 54% of the population is less than 30 years old. • Indonesia’s total population is the fourth largest in the world at 240,271,522. Population Structure Source: International Labor Organization

5. Indonesia Education Policy Relevant Policies: • National Education Strategic Plan 2005-2009 (RENSTRA) http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Indonesia/Indonesia%20EducationPlan2005-2009.pdf • National EFA Action Plan 2003/2015 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Indonesia/Indonesia_EFA_MDA.pdf • Inclusive Education: The Way of the Future 2008 http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2008/indonesia_NR08.pdf

6. Indonesia Education Access: Pre-university • Primary enrollments have declined incrementally • Secondary enrollments are growing strongly, more than 28% since 1990. Source: World Bank EdStats, Indonesia Ministry of National Education

7. Indonesia • Every year, 450,000 students take the national university entrance exam to compete for 75,000 seats at public universities. • Private universities enroll more than double the number of students who enroll in public universities. Education Access: Tertiary Source: World Development Indicators, UNESCO 2006

8. Indonesia • At the secondary level, the gender gap has closed as a result of girls and boys enrolling in equal numbers. • The Gender Parity Index for combined primary and secondary levels (gross enrollment) is .98. Education Access: Gender Source: World Bank EdStats

9. Indonesia • 63% of teachers have less than a four-year post-secondary education the government stipulates as a minimum teaching qualification. • 81% of teachers with the lowest levels of education themselves teach at the primary level of education. EducationQuality: Teachers Source: Indonesia Ministry of National Education 2008

10. EducationQuality: Teachers Indonesia • 66% of remote primary schools do not have enough teachers. • 68% of urban primary schools have too many teachers. Source: Employment and Deployment Survey 2005

11. Indonesia • Indonesian children are very successful at completing primary education, in the past girls more so than boys. Education Quality: Completion Source: World Bank EdStats

12. Indonesia • Indonesia grade 8 students placed 34 out of 45 participating countries on the 2003 TIMSS and 36 out of 49 on the 2007 TIMSS. • On the 2007math test, 29% of students did not attain the lowest benchmark score of 400 and 48% achieved the low benchmark score. Education Quality: Testing Source: TIMSS 2007 International Math Report

13. Indonesia • The diverse and wide variation in geographic and population distribution patterns of Indonesia challenge national education reform planning and implementation. • For example, in 2004, net enrollment rates in primary education ranged from approximately 80% in the province of Papua to about 95% in Kalimantan Tengah. • At the junior secondary level, net enrollment rates varied from about 41% in Papua to approximately 77% in D.I Yogyakarta, and at the senior secondary level, from around 20% in Sulawesi Barat to approximately 62% in D.I. Yogyakarta. • The system must also be responsive to the religious and cultural diversity in the country, acknowledging many faiths and ethnicities of the population. Education Equity: Geographic Disparities Source: EFA Mid Decade Assessment Indonesia 2007

14. Indonesia • Primary enrollment is almost universal across wealth quintiles. • The poorest students have little access to university education. Education Equity: Income Disparities Source: Triaswati and Roesian 2003

15. Indonesia • Pre-primary education is largely provided by private entities. • A large proportion of technical-vocational education is offered privately but recent research questions quality of education offered at these institutions. Education Equity: Academic Disparities Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

16. Indonesia • Education share of GDP has increased from 2.5% to 3.9% and share of public expenditure has risen from 12% to 16.8% since 2000. Education Efficiency: Expenditure Source: World Bank Education at a Glance, Global Monitoring Report 2008

17. Indonesia • The large expenditures on primary education have paid off in almost universal enrollments at that level. Education Efficiency: Expenditure

18. Indonesia • Apparently, primary repetition rates have been a target of the government in the past and are now quite low. • Repetition appears to be no issue at the secondary level. Education Efficiency: Repetition Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

19. Indonesia • Indonesia compares favorably with other ASEAN countries with similar spending rates to address repetition at the primary level. Education Efficiency: Repetition

20. Indonesia Education: Conclusion