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Bahan Kajian MK. PSDALH

Bahan Kajian MK. PSDALH . MANAJEMEN AIR HUJAN RAIN-GARDEN TAMAN HUJAN. Smno.psdl.pdkl.ppsub.nop2013. Maintain & replace infrastructure. Infrastructure In place some time Pipers clog Impede storm water flow Open ditches gradually fill Vacuum and water jet trucks Replace with BMP.

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Bahan Kajian MK. PSDALH

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  1. BahanKajian MK. PSDALH MANAJEMEN AIR HUJAN RAIN-GARDEN TAMAN HUJAN Smno.psdl.pdkl.ppsub.nop2013

  2. Maintain & replace infrastructure • Infrastructure • In place some time • Pipers clog • Impede storm water flow • Open ditches gradually fill • Vacuum and water jet trucks • Replace with BMP https://www.facingthefuture.org/Curriculum/PreviewandBuyCurriculum/tabid/550/List/1/ProductID/28/Default.aspx#.UpsUGCdRWho

  3. Improve stream water quality • Streams impaired • Streams may not be suitable for certain aquatic life/human recreation • Monitoring/research useful-aid in stream quality • BMP. Bio retention area, debris catchments, bank restoration • Improve water quality http://ccsummerresearch.blogs.wm.edu/2013/05/01/7444/

  4. BMP improvement Movement of water through a detention pond-wetlands system(Martin and Smoot, 1986) • Restoration • Habitat http://environment.fhwa.dot.gov/ecosystems/ultraurb/3fs5.asp

  5. What is an impervious surface? • Rainwater cannot infiltrate • More water volume-runoff into storm drain • Storm water fee • Median impervious area of single family residential propertied 100-200 m2 http://iowacedarbasin.org/runoff/showMan.php?c1=2E-1

  6. What is goal of storm water fee? Infiltrasi permukaan dapat dicapai melalui penggunaan strip penyangga rumput, sengkedan bervegetasi, dan sistem perkerasan berpori. Sistem infiltrasi seperti parit resapan, cekungan infiltrasi, dan zone bioretention (termasuk taman hujan) yang dirancang khusus untuk menangkap volume limpasan hujandan transfer langsung ke profil tanah. Beberapa praktik yang terintegrasi, seperti restorasi kualitas tanah dan lansekap, dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas infiltrasi tanah perkotaan. Sebuah fasilitasinfiltrasi dirancang untuk menangkap volume limpasan air hujan, menahan, dan meresapkanseluruh atau sebagian air tersebut ke dalam tanah. • Maintain water quality • Allow city to comply – federal-state regulations-unfunded mandate • Flood damage reduction/drainage • Long term maintenance http://iowacedarbasin.org/runoff/showMan.php?c1=2E-1

  7. What is goal of storm water fee? Infiltrasi air hujanmemiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Keuntungan dari infiltrasi mencakup pengendalian kuantitas air dan pengendalian kualitas air.Kontrol kuantitas air dapat terjadi dengan menangkap dan menahanaliran permukaan dan infiltrasi air ke dalam tanah, mengurangi volume air yang dibuang langsung ke sungai. SistemInfiltrasi dapat dirancang untuk menangkap volume air hujan (volume & kualitas air) dan meresapkanair ini ke dalam tanah selama beberapa jam atau hari. Infiltrasi dapat memberikan manfaat sekunder dengan meningkatkan mengisi ulang akuifer dan meningkatkan aliran dasar sungai di dekatnya. • Protect water supply • Stream restoration • BMP-road construction • Education for schools • Workshops for better water quality http://iowacedarbasin.org/runoff/showMan.php?c1=2E-1

  8. What can you do for clean water? Adabeberapapraktik infiltrasi: Parit infiltrasi Cekungan infiltrasi Daerah Bioretention (dan taman hujan) Restorasi kualitas tanahasli lansekap • Conserve water • Keep grass clipping out of stream • Keep restaurant and business waste away from rain

  9. What can you do for clean water? Faktor-faktor yang mengontrol laju infiltrasi dan kapasitasinfiltrasi: Tutupan vegetasi, perkembangan akar, dan kandunganbahanorganik Kadar air Struktur tanah dan tekstur Porositas dan permeabilitas BobotisiTanah dan pemadatan Slope, posisi landscape, dan topografi • Use min herbicides/fertilizers & keep off paved surfaces • Pick up pet waste • Report water pollution

  10. Rain Garden Managejemen Air HujandiPerkotaan

  11. Apasaja yang digunakanuntukmengelola air hujandiperkotaan? Typical Permeable Pavement Design Gutters for roof runoff Surface drainage ditches and an underground drainage system. Ditches or tiles direct water to a central basin. Permeable pavement …http://www.daygroup.co.uk/sustainable-urban-drainage-systems.php

  12. Permeable paving in sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) Paving permeabel atau porusdapat digunakan sebagai saranakontrol limpasan air hujandijalan-jalan kecil, trotoar, parkirmobil dan taman-tamankota. Saranapengendalianlimpasan air hujandiperkotaanadalah sistem drainase perkotaan yang berkelanjutan (SUDS) yang berhubungan dengan run-off, dandenganpermukaan lahantempatjatuhnyahujan.Air hujanmelewati permukaanlahan, meresapmelalui celah-celah diantara individu paving atau bahan permeabel seperti kerikil atau aspal porus, menjebak polutan di dalamtanah. Dalamtanah,bahanpolutan akanmengalamudegradasidandekomposisioleh proses alami yang terjadidalamtanah. http://www.netregs.org.uk/library_of_topics/water/sustainable_urban_drain_system/permeable_paving_in_suds.aspx

  13. Permeable paving in sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) Dengan menggunakan permeabel paving dapat dicegah akumulasiair di permukaan kedap air, menghindari genangan air di tempat parkir.Sejumlah besar air dapat disimpan dalamtanahdi bawah permukaan. Hal ini mengurangi kemungkinan banjir. http://www.netregs.org.uk/library_of_topics/water/sustainable_urban_drain_system/permeable_paving_in_suds.aspx

  14. Apasajamasalah yang dihadapi? Linkages between urban runoff and water quality issues. • Petrochemicals and metals are washed off with storm runoff water. • Rain water and runoff water can dissolve the limestone bedrock. …http://www.ec.gc.ca/inre-nwri/default.asp?lang=En&n=235D11EB-1&offset=12&toc=show

  15. Dimanalokasinya Rain-garden ? • Rain Gardens are near the campus greenhouse (GH) • Rain Gardens are near the Horticulture Center (HC) • Rain Gardens are in the drainage ditches. … http://www.architectityourself.com/what-is-a-rain-garden/

  16. Surface Drain system being retrofitted with Rain Gardens (RG) Green house Commons-underground drain line RG 1 & 2 RG3 Basin …

  17. Runoff from curb cut into Rain Gardens

  18. Alternative ways of dealing with runoff? Perbaikankualitas air hujandapat dicapai kalaubahanpolutan tersaringpadasaatair hujanmerembes melalui berbagai lapisan tanah. Ketika air bergerak melalui tanah, partikel dapat diikatolehpartikeltanah. Selain itu, mikroorganisme dalam tanah dapat mengurangipolutan organik yang terkandung dalam air hujan. • Direct water to a naturalized setting. • Minimize runoff of average rain by 90%, allowing rain garden (plants and soil) • Filter pollutants-sediments, dissolved ions- before percolates into groundwater.

  19. What is a decentralized runoff management system? Urban runoff source areas and drainage alternatives (Pitt 1986). • Runoff water directed into rain gardens • Plant canopy and soil can store excess water. • Rain Garden, shallow basin allows runoff water to percolate through the soil and transpire through the plants. http://rpitt.eng.ua.edu/Class/Computerapplications/Module4/MainCAM4.html…

  20. How does a decentralized system work? Two ways: 1) Plant canopy (trees, shrubs, un-mowed grasses) A) increase evapo-transpiration B) reduce water percolation. 2) Rain garden soil is a sponge for runoff water …

  21. Surface Drain system being retrofitted with Rain Gardens (RG) Greenhouse Commons-underground drain line RG 1&2 RG3 Basin …

  22. Rain Garden Taman hujan dibangun untuk dapatmenampungdansegerameresapkanlimpasan air hujantersebutkedalamtanah. Air hujantidakbolehterlalumenggenangditaman-hujan, hal ini untuk melindungi kesehatan tanaman yang tidaktahangenangan air.

  23. Digging out Rain Garden

  24. Spoil piles in background-gravel at entrance Rain Garden Kalauhujanterjadidiperkotaan yang permukaannyapedap air, makadiperlukantaman-hujan yang mampumenampungsebagianlimpasan air hujandanmeresapkannyakedalamtanah. Hal inimembantumengurangibeban debit runoff yang memasukisaluran drainage kota.

  25. Rain Garden Taman hujan adalah depresi (cekungan) dangkal yang ditanamidengan tanaman asli yang mengakar kuatdan/ataurumput. Taman hujaninilokasinya sedekat mungkindengansumber limpasan air hujan, sepertijalan-jalankota. Taman hujanini akan menangkap limpasan air hujan dan menahanair inidanmeresapkannyakedalamtanah. …http://www.alabamas13.com/story/22110422/with-all-of-this-rain-how-about-a-rain-garden

  26. Rain Garden • Deeper and longer than needed in a residential landscape • Why? • It had to fit in an existing drainage ditch surrounded by parking lots. …http://soundbook.soundkeeper.org/chapter_ContentID_212_SectionID_7.htm

  27. How to Plan a Rain Garden • Garden is down slope from the area it is draining. • Small rain gardens are easier to maintain than one large rain garden. • Garden should be greater than 10 feet from building foundation. …http://www.alabamas13.com/story/22110422/with-all-of-this-rain-how-about-a-rain-garden

  28. Building Rain Garden : Placement Pollutant deposition and removal at source areas (Pitt 1986). • Rain Garden is on the East side of Horticulture Center. • Captures water from the graveled lot on the West side of the Horticulture Center. …http://rpitt.eng.ua.edu/Class/Computerapplications/Module4/MainCAM4.html

  29. Other Placement Considerations • Do not place over a septic system or where water pools more than 5 days. • The garden soil should drain well. • How a soil drains can be determined by watching the site after a rainfall event • Does it drain within 2 to 3 day • If not infiltration and percolation rate can be estimated. • Clay soil or compacted soil can be amended to improve infiltration and percolation. …

  30. What is water infiltration? • How quickly does water move into a soil? • Watch a possible area after a rain fall event. Infiltrasi mungkin tidak cocokuntukdi daerah-daerah di mana air-tanah merupakan sumber utama air minum, karena potensi migrasi kontaminan. Hal ini terutama berlaku jika air limpasan berasal dari daerah komersial atau industri, di mana mungkin ada kontaminasi limbahorganik atau logam.

  31. What is the percolation rate? • The percolation rate is the time it takes for one inch of water to pass through a soil. • The ABAS class used these perc rates: <60 minutes/inch 60-75 minutes/inch >75 minutes/inch • A good rate for a rain garden is <60 minutes per inch. …

  32. How to determine percolation rate by soil texture? • Using a post hole digger, dug holes 6 to 8 inches for a shallow basin or 24 to 36 inches for a deep basin. • For faster than 60 minutes per inch • Excavate soil has a medium or fine textures subsoil • Or fine reddish textured subsoil … http://lowerseletarlearningtrail-2g.blogspot.com/2012/04/abc-learning-trail-lower-seletar.html

  33. How to determine percolation rate by soil texture? • For 60 to 75 minutes per hour • Excavated soil is reddish fine textured subsoil to at least 24 inches and yellow clay between 24 to 36 • For slower than 75 minutes per inch • Excavate soil with bed rock within 36 inches • or soil having a yellowish, grayish, or blackish fine textured subsoil …

  34. Uji Rasa untukTekstur Tanah • Fine texture soils: Sandy clay, Silty clay and clay • Medium texture soils: silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam … http://conservationdistrict.org/2012/new-rain-garden-fact-sheet-available.html

  35. Rain Garden: Ruangsempit Air hujanmenyebarkeseluruhpermukaantaman-hujandanvegetasimenangkapsedimenkasar Air hujanmencucipolutandisepanjangjalandanmemasukitaman-hujan Air hujanmeresapkebawahmelaluimassatanah, sedimenhalusdanpolutanditangkapolehtanah Air hujan yang bersihdikumpulkandalampipadandisalurkankeperairanbebas … http://www.urbangardensweb.com/2010/01/29/rain-gardens-for-small-urban-spaces/

  36. Building Rain Garden : LajuPerkolasi • Dug holes to 24 inches, excavated soil in the proposed Rain Garden, was medium textured. • 1” gravel in bottom, filled holes with 6” of water and record time to drop one inch. Stuck a tooth pick in the side of the hole for measuring water drop. • Measured, 15 minutes per ¼” water drop, or 60 minutes per 1” water. … http://thedoodlehouse.com/2012/02/28/crushing-on-rain-gardens/

  37. Building Rain Garden: Sizing? • The size of the rain garden can be calculated. • Residential size: 100 to 300 sq ft • The size required to capture surface runoff around the site was determined by observations. • E.g. Dimensions: 8 feet x 24 feet by 6 inches deep …

  38. Finding the Area Rain Garden • If rain garden catch water from a rain spout, use that part of the roof area. • Lawns, graveled or paved driveways, additional runoff water for a rain garden. • The area to be drained can be multiplied by a size factor to determine area of rain garden. …

  39. Size factors are determined according to the type of soil and the depth of the garden and differ if the garden is <30’ or >30’ from a building

  40. % Slope Relates to the Depth of the Rain Garden • For slopes <4%, the garden depth should be 3-5 inches deep. • Between 5-7%: 6 to 7 inches deep • Between 8-12%: about 8 inches deep • For slopes over 12%, a rain garden will take a great deal of fill, another location should be considered. …

  41. Calculating the Slope & Area of the Rain Garden • Drive two stakes about fifteen feet from each other (one uphill, one downhill). • Tie a string level to each stake and adjust it to make it level. • Measure height difference between the ground and the string in feet, divide difference by the distance between the two stakes. • Multiply by 100 to get the percent slope. …

  42. Defining the Shape of the Rain Garden • Shape should be aesthetic. • Recommend, length of the garden be perpendicular to the slope, will catch as much water as possible. • Garden should be twice as long as it is wide. • Width should be no more than 10-15 feet. …

  43. Building Rain Garden: Digging • Mark the perimeter of the garden. • Front end loader was initially used; for residential garden use a garden tiller . • District conservationist showed the class how to measure slope with a laser level. It is easy to do with a string and line level. • The inlet was higher than the outlet and the bottom of the garden was leveled. …

  44. Digging a Rain Garden • Hammered stakes around the perimeter and ran string level between stakes across the middle of the garden. • Dig the bed level at the desired depth with rakes and shovels. • Use the removed soil to build a berm on the downhill edge of the garden. • Covered channel above and below inlet and outlet with landscape fabric and gravel …

  45. Building Rain Garden : Planting • The Soil Analysis class planted native bushes and perennials. • The arrangement was done in a naturalistic fashion using odd number groups. • Odd number groups ease future maintenance of the Rain Garden. …

  46. Planting a Rain Garden • Rain garden plants should be tolerant of moist and dry conditions. • Commercial landscape plants can be used but consider native plants. • Plant density should be higher and more naturalistic looking than commercial type plantings. …

  47. Building Rain Garden : Mulch and Rock • Placed landscape fabric at the entrance of the Rain Garden. • Covered the bottom of the Rain Garden with double-shredded mulch to the desired depth. • Covered the landscape fabric at the entrance with river rock. …

  48. Rain Garden Sebuah taman hujan denganvegetasidi daerah perkotaan dapat memperbaikikualitas air dan kenyamananlingkungan sekitarnya.

  49. Rain Garden - Specs • Infiltration Rate • 3 inches in 90 minutes • Depth • 7 inches • Materials Used • river rock, landscape fabric, recycled concrete (from construction site on campus), native plants. …

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