Unit VI PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. Unit VI PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2. SELF AWARENESS What? Self Awareness (SA) Why? How?

3. WHAT IS SELF? Who am I?

4. Self-Concept: Who are you? • Self-concept refers to your subjective description of who you think you are. • Self-image is your view of yourself in particular situations

5. Self-Concept Components • Attitude: a learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way. • Beliefs: The way in which you structure your understanding of reality (true/false). • Values: Enduring concepts of good and bad, right and wrong.

6. One of Many Selves? • The Material Self • The Social Self • The Spiritual Self

7. The Material Self • The material self is a total of all the tangible things you own: • Your body • Your possessions • Your home

8. The Social Self • The social self is that part of you that interacts with others: • You change based on interaction with others. • Each relationship you have with another person is unique.

9. The Spiritual Self • The spiritual self consists of all your internal thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards: • It is the essence of who you think you are. • It is a mixture of your spiritual beliefs and your sense of who you are in relationship to other forces in the universe.

10. How the Self-Concept Develops • Our communication with other individuals • Our association with groups • Roles we assume • Our self-labels

11. Self-Concept:Association with Groups • Our awareness of who we are is often linked to who we associate with: • Religious groups • Political groups • Ethnic groups • Social groups • Peer pressure is a powerful force in shaping attitudes and behavior.

12. Self-Concept:Assumed Roles • Your self-concept likely reflects the roles you assume: • Mother • Brother • Teacher • Student • Gender asserts a powerful influence on the self-concept from birth on.

13. WHAT IS SELF AWARENESS? Self awareness is the process of understanding one's own beliefs, thoughts. motivations, and recognize how they affect others (Boyed, 2005) SA is a personal understanding of the very core of ones own identity. It is the ability to assess one’s personality, behaviors & skills accurately SA is the ability to perceive ones own existence including ones own traits, feelings and behaviors

14. Self awareness Contd…) It involves objectively examining one’s personal beliefs, attitudes, motivations, strengths and limitations Understanding another begins with understanding oneself…. To effectively use the self as a tool ‘ nurses must possess knowledge of their personal response pattern s, strengths and limitations (Stuart & Laaia, 2005; Eckroth-Bucher,2001)

15. Why Self Awareness? The Social Worker must examine personal feelings, actions and reactions. A firm understanding and acceptance of self allows the Social Worker acknowledges clients differences and uniqueness Social Workers who care for biological, psychological, and socio-cultural needs of the patient see a broad range of human experience; They must learn to deal with anxiety, anger, sadness and joy in helping people throughout their life.

16. Why Self Awareness Contd…) It allows an individual to interact with others comfortably, to accept the difference in others and to observe each person’s right to respect and dignity Self awareness allows the Social Worker to observe, pay attention to, and understand the subtle responses and reactions of clients when interacting with them

17. Why Self Awareness Contd…) The process of self awareness compels Social Workers to examine their own value positions so these biases and prejudices are not projected on to others, and so Social Workers do not reject others who do not share similar values

18. Why Self Awareness Contd…) Knowing thyself is a basic principle of Social Workers The process of self awareness in important because the Social Workers psychological state influences the way clients information is analyzed The process of personal introspection adds dimension to the Social Workers -client relationship and is pertinent to understanding client responses, thus enabling the Social Workers to explore these issues with their client

19. Why to Become Self Aware To improve performance To manage yourself Set appropriate goals, choose appropriate careers, manage stress To understand differences between you and others Understand why others react to you the way they do Adapt your communication to others’ needs Develop interpersonal skills

20. HOW TO LEARN SELF AWARENESS?

21. How to Become Self Aware Know your prejudices Know your motivation and needs Know your responses Feedback from friends & family Feedback from peers (Active listening and openness) Feedback from yourself

22. How to Become Self-Aware: Some Ways of Thinking about Yourself Personality Specific Traits Knowledge Abilities Skills Learning Styles Preferences Values Goals Motives

23. “Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is Enlightenment.” Tao Tzu

24. Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship What is the Social Worker-client relationship? series of purposeful, goal directed interactions that focus on the client’s needs… Confidential Reliable Consistent Mutually defined Collaborative Goal oriented Professional relationship With clear boundaries

25. DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL WORK-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP(Problem Solving Approach) Relationship consistently focused on the client's problems and needs Potential solutions to problems discussed Explore feelings/ alternate solutions Discuss strategies for change Explore strengths and limitation Assist to select alternative New coping skills develop Behavioral change encouraged Give positive feedback for efforts Evaluate outcome

26. Self-Concept:Communication with others • We don’t come to know ourselves in a vacuum. • Charles Horton Cooley advanced the notion of the figurative looking glass. • Self-concept development begins at birth

27. Self-Concept:Association with Groups • Our awareness of who we are is often linked to who we associate with: • Religious groups • Political groups • Ethnic groups • Social groups • Peer pressure is a powerful force in shaping attitudes and behavior.

28. Self-Concept:Assumed Roles • Your self-concept likely reflects the roles you assume: • Mother • Brother • Teacher • Student • Gender asserts a powerful influence on the self-concept from birth on.

29. Self-Concept:Self-Labels • Self-concept is affected by others but we are not blank slates. • Self-reflexivenessis the human ability to think about what we’re doing while we’re doing it. • Through self-observation we discover strengths which encourage us to assume new labels.

30. Self-Esteem:What is your value? • While self-concept refers to your description of who you are, self-esteem refers to your evaluation of who you are. • Your self-esteem can fluctuate and rise or fall within the course of a day.

31. Self-Esteem:Gender Differences • In patriarchal cultures, women and girls suffer loss of self-esteem to a greater degree than men and boys. • Boys often feel better able to do things than girls. • Differential reinforcement (athletics)

32. Self-Esteem:Social Comparisons • We become more aware of ourselves by measuring ourselves against others, a process called social comparison. • It can be self-defeating to take social comparisons too far, to cause your self-esteem to suffer because you compare yourself unrealistically to others.

33. Self-Esteem:Self-Expectations • Self-expectations are those goals we set for ourselves. • Self-esteem is affected when you evaluate how well you measure up to your own expectations. • Be weary of placing unrealistic demands on yourself.

34. Self-Esteem:Self-Fulfilling Prophecy • The self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the idea that what you believe about yourself often comes true because you expect it to come true. • Your level of self-esteem affects the kinds of prophecies you make about yourself and colors your interpretation of events.

35. Communication & the Enhancement of Self-Esteem • Our feelings of low self-worth may contribute to many of our societal problems. • Communication is essential in the process of building and maintaining self-esteem.

36. Communication & Self:Engage in POSITIVE self-talk • Intrapersonal communication involves communication within yourself – self-talk. • Your self-concept and self-esteem influence the way you talk to yourself. • Your inner dialogue also has an impact on your self-concept and self-esteem. • Self-talk is related to the building and maintaining of one’s self-concept.

37. Communication and Self:Visualize • Visualization involves “seeing” yourself exhibiting some desirable behavior. • Apprehensive public speakers can manage their fears by visualizing positive results: • Reduce negative self-talk • Enhances confidence and speaking skill

38. Communication and Self:Develop Honest Relationships • Have at least one other person that will give you honest, objective feedback. • You need a “straight scoop” • Stuff that’s the hardest to hear about you • Nobody else would dare tell you • Trust enough to deal with the tough stuff

39. Communication and Self:Lose your baggage • Avoid constantly re-living negative experiences. • Let goof past experiences that cause your present self-esteem to suffer.

40. Communication and the Enhancement of Perceptual Accuracy • Increase your awareness • Avoid stereotypes • Check your perceptions • Indirect perception checking • Direct perception checking

41. Positive and negative aspects of the worker’s self and their effects on the client and the Social Work Process.

42. VALUES, ATTITUDES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

43. MEANING OF VALUES Values provide the basic foundation for understanding a person’s attitudes, perceptions and personality. Values contain judgmental element as to what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes. Content attribute describes- what is important; intensity attribute describes- how much is it important.

44. DEFINITION OF VALUES Edward Spranger defines the values as the constellation of likes, dislikes, viewpoints, shoulds, inner inclinations, rational and irrational judgements, prejudices, and association patterns that determine a person’s view of the world. M. Rokeach defines values, as a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence, personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.

45. TYPES OF VALUES G.W. Allport and his associates have identified six types of values. • Theoretical: high importance to discovery of truth through critical and rational approach. • Economic: Emphasis on useful and practical. • Aesthetic: Highest value on form and harmony. • Social: Highest value to the love of people. • Political: Emphasis on acquisition of power and influence. • Religious: Concerned with the unity of experience and understanding of the cosmos as a whole.

46. SOCIAL WORK’S CORE VALUES 1. Value: Service Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems. 2. Value: Social Justice Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice. 3. Value: Dignity and Worth of the Person Ethical Principle: Social Workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person. 4. Value: Importance of Human Relationships Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships 5. Value: Integrity Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner. 6. Value: Competence Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.

47. DESIGNING VALUE BASED ORGANISATION A value-based organisation promises sustainability and prosperity to its endeavours. For designing value based organisation, based on suggestions of Tannenbaum and Davis, following points may be useful. • Treat people with trust. • Be respectful to human being. • Treat people as dynamic entity. • Accept and utilise human differences. • Treat individual as a whole person. • Encourage appropriate expression of feelings. • Promote authentic behaviour. • Use authority and networking for benefit of organisation. • Encourage appropriate confrontation. • Encourage willingness to take calculated risks. • Set process which shall take care of effective accomplishment. • Emphasise collaboration.

48. ATTITUDES

49. Consider following three statements: Statement 1 : Male executives are high achievers in comparison to female counterparts; Statement 2 : Anything with a tag “Made in Japan” is reliable; Statement 3 : Discipline can be established through coercion only. You might have heard the statements mentioned above, or you might have yourself used such statements sometime in recent past. In all the three statements you are inclined to evaluate something. The first, second, and third statements are attempts to evaluate groups (male versus female), objects (anything made in Japan), and an issue (maintaining discipline) respectively. These statements may or may not be true in overall sense. However a person giving such statements is revealing his/her own attitude towards the groups or objects or the issue.

50. DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE • According to Baron, Attitude is definedas, lasting evaluations of people, groups, objects, or issues- in fact, of virtually any aspect of the social or physical world. • Petty and Cacioppo state, Attitudes are general evaluations people make about themselves, other persons, objects, or issues. • Breckler and Wiggins state, Attitudes are enduring mental representations of various features of the social or physical world. They are acquired through experience and exert a directive influence on subsequent behaviour.