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Ellis Island

This overview presents the history of American immigration, focusing on major ports of entry from the early colonial period to 1970. It highlights Ellis Island, New York, as the predominant immigration gateway with over 24 million arrivals from 1820 to 1920, alongside other significant ports, including Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, and San Francisco. The description outlines the foundations of these ports, the waves of immigrants driven by events like the potato famine, and the evolving roles these locations played throughout U.S. immigration history.

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Ellis Island

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  1. Ellis Island & other ports of entry throughout the history of the US

  2. American Immigration • The Early Days • Early Colonial Period to 1820 • Colonies or States • About 1 million immigrants • Federal Immigration Records • Customs passenger lists 1820 - 1906 • Immigration passenger lists after that date • Peak in 1907 with 1.3 million immigrants

  3. Immigration: 1820 - 1970

  4. Ports of Entry • New York – more immigrants than all other ports combined • Boston • Baltimore • Philadelphia • New Orleans • San Francisco

  5. New York • Established by Dutch in 1625 • Erie Canal opened in 1825, providing a cheap and fast route to western interior • 24 million arrivals in New York between 1820 and 1920

  6. Boston • Founded in 1630 • Leading port in North America until 1750 • Replaced in popularity by Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans • Major influx of immigrants in mid-nineteenth century triggered by potato famine • Received about 2 million people between 1820 and 1920

  7. Philadelphia • Founded in 1682 • Briefly replaced Boston as leading port of immigration • About 1.2 million immigrants came through Philadelphia between 1820 and 1920

  8. New Orleans • Founded by French in 1718 • Development of steamboat travel along Mississippi led to its popularity as a port of entry • Between 1820 and 1920 over 700,000 immigrants entered through this port, most prior to 1860

  9. Baltimore • Founded in 1729 • Located in largest estuary in US • Baltimore & Ohio RR linked it to Chesapeake & Ohio Canal and later to Ohio River • Had no major immigrant processing station

  10. San Francisco • Settled by Spanish in 1776 • Became part of US in 1847 because of Mexican War • Between 1820 and 1920 total immigration was about 500,000 – mostly Asians

  11. New York Ports of Entry • Castle Gardens 1855-1890 • Ellis Island 1892-1954

  12. Castle Garden8/1/1855 to 4/18/1890 • 1623 –Dutch settlers erect “Battery” of cannons to defend New Amsterdam • Castle Clinton built prior to War of 1812 • 1820s – expanded & renamed Castle Garden • 8/1/1855 – became America’s 1st immigrant receiving center • Welcomed 8.5 million immigrants until it closed

  13. Searching Castle GardenData Base • http://www.castlegarden.org/ • http://www.stevemorse.org/ellis/cg.html

  14. Barge Office • Temporary deport until Ellis Island opened • Operated from 4/19/1890 to 12/31/1891

  15. Ellis Island

  16. Ellis Island1/1/1892 to 11/12/1954 • Opened 1/1/1892 • Burned June 15, 1897 • Re-opened Dec, 1900 • 1924 – passage of National Origins Act • Became primarily detention center • 1954 – Ellis Island officially closed

  17. Searching Ellis Island Data Base • http://www.ellisisland.org/ • http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/eidb/intro.html

  18. Other Searches • http://stevemorse.org/index.html

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