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Urbanization and Reform in the Gilded Age

Urbanization and Reform in the Gilded Age. Ch. 8, Sec 3-4. Urbanization. Movement of people to cities. Moved from farms to cities. Immigrants tended to settle in cities. Public transportation developed. Trolleys, cable cars, subways, later buses. Suburbs developed.

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Urbanization and Reform in the Gilded Age

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  1. Urbanization and Reform in the Gilded Age Ch. 8, Sec 3-4

  2. Urbanization • Movement of people to cities. • Moved from farms to cities. • Immigrants tended to settle in cities. • Public transportation developed. • Trolleys, cable cars, subways, later buses. • Suburbs developed. • First skyscrapers built. • Led to first elevators.

  3. 1st skyscraper – Home Insurance Building

  4. Living Conditions • Some lived in factory towns, most lived in tenements. • Low-cost apartments, usually overcrowded. • Slum areas: overcrowded, dirty, open sewers, rats, stray animals, air pollution, disease, fires a huge danger. • Led to creation of dumbell tenements. • Narrower in middle to allow light & air to inside rooms. • Led to better health care, clean water.

  5. Politics in Cities • Fierce competition for control of city gov’ts. • Led to creation of Political Machines. • Unofficial organization designed to keep a political party in power. • Machine would hand out jobs and favors to citizens. • Citizens were expected to vote for machine bosses. • Could also bribe machine for favors.

  6. Reform Movements • Many and with varied goals. • Motivated by religion, conscience, desire to help others. • Some helped poor and needy. • Some tried to alter behavior. • Some tried to halt immigration.

  7. New York Charity Organization Society. • Kept records on who received what help. • Could determine “worthy” and “unworthy” needy. • Expected immigrants to assimilate. • Social Gospel Movement • Based out of churches. • Applied Gospel of Christ to charity. • Tried to fix root causes of alcoholism, poverty, gambling. • Social Gospel Movement led to Settlement Houses.

  8. Josephine Lowell-Founder of COS

  9. Settlement Houses. • Started in USA by Jane Addams in Hull House. • People in neighborhood could come. • Attend cultural events, take classes. • Had child-care centers, playgrounds, clubs, summer camps for kids. • Very helpful to poor and immigrants. • Settlement houses sprang up around the country.

  10. Hull House Jane Addams

  11. Nativism Movement. • Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants. • Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic. • Led to Chinese Exclusion Act of 1884, repeal of Contract Labor Act (allowed employers to recruit foreign labor). • Temperance Movement. • Campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption. • Supported Prohibition. • Led by Prohibition Party, Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League. • Kansan Carrie Nation used hatchet.

  12. Carrie Nation

  13. Purity Crusaders. • Against vice – immoral or corrupt behavior. • Fought against alcohol, gambling, pornography, abortion, birth control, political corruption. • Achieved passage of Comstock Law-prevented sending of obscene material through mail. • Including info on birth control.

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