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Understanding Machines: Forces, Work, and Efficiency

This article explores the fundamental concepts of machines, including effort force, resistance force, and the types of work done (input and output). It highlights the importance of mechanical advantage and the concept of ideal machines, where no friction exists, leading to equivalent work input and output. Additionally, the article discusses the effects of friction on efficiency, emphasizing how energy is conserved and transformed in mechanical systems. Through understanding these principles, readers can better appreciate the role of machines in making work easier.

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Understanding Machines: Forces, Work, and Efficiency

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Using Machines

  2. 1. Machines • A machine is a device that makes doing work easier. • Machines make work easier by • (a) increasing force • (b) increasing distance • ‘(c) changing direction

  3. 2. Effort Force • Effort force is the force applied to the machines • Fe

  4. 3. Resistance Force • Resistance force is the force applied by the machine to overcome resistance • Fr

  5. 4. Work Done by a Machine • Two types of work: the work done by you on the machine and the work done by the machine • Input Work: Win – work done by you on the machines • Output Work: Wout – work done by the machines

  6. 5. Conserving Energy • Recall, energy can not be created or destroyed; it is transferred • So, Wout can NEVER be greater than Win; typically Wout is always less than Win because some of the energy changes to heat due to friction

  7. 6. Ideal Machines • No friction exists and therefore • Work in ==== Work out

  8. 7. Mechanical Advantage • Mechanical Advantage – the number of times a machines multiplies the effort force • Calculated by dividing the Resistance Force by the Effort Force

  9. 8. IMA vs MA • Difference between ideal mechanical advantage and mechanical advantage is friction. • IMA is a calculation assuming no work input is lost to friction and converted to heat. • MA takes friction into account and is a realistic number.

  10. 9. Efficiency • Efficiency is a measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machines (ie not transferred to heat via friction) • Wout/Win * 100%

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