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Traffic Flow Distance-time Diagram and Shockwaves Lecture 14 CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

Traffic Flow Distance-time Diagram and Shockwaves Lecture 14 CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick . Distance. Slope = speed. s. h. Fix Position. Time. Fix Point in Time. Time-Distance Diagrams of Traffic Flow. Vehicle 1 u 1 = 50 mph (constant). Vehicle 2 u 2 = 30 mph (constant).

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Traffic Flow Distance-time Diagram and Shockwaves Lecture 14 CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

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  1. Traffic Flow Distance-time Diagram and Shockwaves Lecture 14 CE 2710 Norman W. Garrick

  2. Distance Slope = speed s h Fix Position Time Fix Point in Time Time-Distance Diagrams of Traffic Flow Vehicle 1 u1 = 50 mph (constant) Vehicle 2 u2 = 30 mph (constant) Norman W. Garrick

  3. Distance Time Time-Distance Diagrams of Traffic Flow Norman W. Garrick

  4. Time-Distance DiagramsActual Traffic Flow Ref: Papacostas and Prevedouros Norman W. Garrick

  5. Shock Waves A shock wave occur when there is a change in the travel condition on the roadway that affect the stream flow. For example, a shock wave occur when drivers slow down to look at an accident (rubberneck) - this can cause a traffic jam that is seemingly more dramatic than one would expect given the nature of the act that caused it. Shock waves can be associated with a particular vehicle in the stream slowing down or stopping A shock wave is also associated with the traffic pressure being released and a traffic jam dissipating Norman W. Garrick

  6. Example of a Shock WaveAt a Stop T = t1 sec Traffic is flowing normal Flow, q = 500 veh/hr Conc, k = 10 veh/mi Norman W. Garrick

  7. Example of a Shock WaveAt a Stop T = t2 sec Flagman stops first vehicle in the queue Shockwave Norman W. Garrick

  8. Example of a Shock WaveAt a Stop T = t3 sec More vehicles have joined the queue The shockwave have moved backwards Shockwave 1 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi On either side of the shockwave there are two different state of flow Norman W. Garrick

  9. Example of a Shock WaveAt a Stop T = t4 sec Flagman releases queue Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi State 3 q = 1000 veh/hr k = 110 veh/mi There is now a second shockwave and a third state of flow - the flow state for traffic released from the queue Norman W. Garrick

  10. X Distance Time Distance-Time Diagram for Shock Wave Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2 Norman W. Garrick

  11. Calculation of Shockwave Travel usw = (q2-q1) / (k2-k1) Shockwave 1 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi The speed of the shockwave can be calculated using the above equation The sign is important so remember to number the travel states from upstream to downstream If the sign is +ve it means that the shockwave is moving downstream Norman W. Garrick

  12. Calculation of Shockwave Travel Shockwave 1 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi Speed of Shockwave usw1= (q2-q1) / (k2-k1) (0-500) / (260-10) = - 2 mph Shockwave 1 is moving upstream at 2 mph What is the length of the queue after 3 minutes Length = u*t = 2 mph * 3/60 hr = 0.1 mile How many vehicles are in the queue after 3 minutes no. of vehicles = k * L = 260 *0.1 = 26 vehicles Norman W. Garrick

  13. Calculation of Shockwave Travel Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi State 3 q = 1000 veh/hr k = 110 veh/mi Speed of shockwave 2 usw2= (q3-q2) / (k3-k2) (1000-0) / (110-260) = - 6.67 mph Shockwave 2 is moving upstream at 6.67 mph Norman W. Garrick

  14. Calculation of Shockwave Travel Shockwave 1 Shockwave 2 State 1 q = 500 veh/hr k = 10 veh/mi State 2 q = 0 veh/hr k = 260 veh/mi State 3 q = 1000 veh/hr k = 110 veh/mi How long will it take to clear the queue if the flagman held the queue for 3 minutes Length after 3 minutes = u*t = 2 mph * 3/60 hr = 0.1 mile usw1 = - 2 mph usw2 = - 6.67 mph Therefore the queue will dissipate at rate of 4.67 mph Time to dissipate a 0.1 mile queue is L/speed 0.1 mile / 4.67 mph = 0.021 hr = 12.6 minutes Norman W. Garrick

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