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Achievement Standard 1.2

Achievement Standard 1.2. Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through… Understanding Basic anatomical features. Body Structure and Function. Body Structure and Function

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Achievement Standard 1.2

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  1. Achievement Standard 1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through… Understanding Basic anatomical features

  2. Body Structure and Function Body Structure and Function Other factors that influence human movement and action include: Biomechanical factors Improving fitness UNDERSTANDING

  3. REMEMBERING The Human skeleton What are the functions of the human skeleton? To help understand this, let’s look at some of the activities we can do?

  4. REMEMBERING Sports / activities List an example of a competitive sport / activity for each letter of the alphabet. E.g. A = Archery

  5. UNDERSTANDING Sports / activities Group each activity according to the type of movement associated with it. Some activities will fit under more than one heading. E.g. Pulling the arm back – Archery, Javelin …

  6. UNDERSTANDING Sports / activities So far we have listed a range of ACTIONS. One of the functions of the human skeleton is to allow MOVEMENT

  7. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton What other functions does the human skeleton have? Imagine a body WITHOUT a skeleton!

  8. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Are there any other functions of the human skeleton? What roles do the skull and rib-cage have?

  9. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Many of the bones of the human skeleton are long and hollow.

  10. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Bone-marrow is a soft, fatty tissue found inside of bones that produces blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells act to ward off infection. Platelets aid in blood-clotting.

  11. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton The human skeleton serves one other function? The skeleton also stores minerals such as calcium.

  12. Functions of the Skeleton REMEMBERING

  13. Functions of the Skeleton REMEMBERING

  14. APPLY KNOWLEDGE The Human skeleton How does each of the functions relate to performance in physical activity?

  15. Protection… Vital organs are protected from impact forces such as a crash on your bike or collision with another person / object. APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  16. Support… The skeleton provides support for soft tissues to attach to, giving your body shape. E.g. attachment for muscles APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  17. Blood cell formation… Red blood cells are important in transporting oxygen rich blood to muscles to help fuel them. The more oxygen we get to our muscles the more potential fuel our muscles have to work with. APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  18. Storage of minerals… Minerals such as calcium help us produce strong bones. Strong bones are important in overuse injuries in repetitive and continuous activity such as multisport and also in contact sports. APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  19. Movement… The skeleton provides levers & joints that allow movement to occur The type of bone / joint is related to the degree of movement possible. Long bones. E.g. ….. Short bones. E.g. ….. Irregular bones. E.g. ….. Flat bones. E.g. ….. Types of joints…. APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  20. BLOOD CELL FORMATION sUPPORT PROTECTION UNDERSTANDING STORAGE MOVEMENT The 5 functions of the skeleton are:

  21. REMEMBERING Label the bones of the human body.

  22. The Human Skeleton REMEMBERING

  23. The Human Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Parts of the skeleton associated with locomotion / movement Axial Skeleton Forms the central axis of the body Parts of the skeleton associated with central support and protection UNDERSTANDING Group each of the bones under the axial and appendicular skeleton

  24. The Human Skeleton UNDERSTANDING Group each of the bones under the axial and appendicular skeleton

  25. The Human Skeleton UNDERSTANDING Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

  26. APPLY KNOWLEDGE The Human spine The spine is divided into 5 regions. How does the size of the vertebrae relate to their position and the degree of weight bearing and movement required?

  27. Types of joint in the body The range and freedom of movement/action depends on the type of joint involved – the more stable a joint, the less movement occurs through it.

  28. Types of Joints Ball & Socket Examples are the hip and shoulder Movement occurs in all directions UNDERSTANDING

  29. Types of Joints Hinge Joint Examples are the elbow and knee (the knee is a modified hinge joint as there is slight rotation) Movement occurs in 2 directions in one plane – forwards & backwards UNDERSTANDING

  30. Types of Joints Pivot Joint Examples are the neck (where the atlas pivots around the axis at the top of the spine) and the radioulner joint below the elbow joint (allows lower arm to rotate) UNDERSTANDING

  31. Types of Movement You need to be able to discuss the type of movement associated with various joints in the human body and relate this to specific sporting examples.

  32. Types of Movement Flexion Bending a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn together Examples include elbow flexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, … UNDERSTANDING

  33. Types of Movement Extension Straightening a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn apart Examples include elbow extension, knee extension, hip extension, … UNDERSTANDING

  34. Types of Movement Abduction Moving the bone away from the mid-line of the body (when someone is abducted they are ‘taken away’). Examples include abduction of the arm as it is drawn out to the side of the body, abduction of the leg. UNDERSTANDING

  35. Types of Movement Adduction Moving the bone towards the mid-line of the body (adduction is adding to the mid-line of the body). Examples include adduction of the arm as it is drawn in to the side of the body, abduction of the leg. UNDERSTANDING

  36. Types of Movement Plantar Flexion Pointing the toes downwards Examples in sport include diving, gymnastics, acceleration in sprinting, jumping in volleyball, … UNDERSTANDING

  37. Types of Movement Dorsi-Flexion Pulling the toes upwards towards the tibia UNDERSTANDING

  38. Types of Movement Pronation Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joint. (Pronation also occurs in the foot.) http://images.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://adhd-tennis.org/images/pronation.jpg&imgrefurl=http://adhd-tennis.org/serve.aspx&usg=__hEjucuNmw5EZcznFwIwmr7Y0NmI=&h=640&w=467&sz=33&hl=en&start=55&tbnid=fzNKjyr3JyA5aM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpronation%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54 UNDERSTANDING

  39. Types of Movement Supination Supination: Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is up (and the corresponding movement of the foot and leg with the sole up). UNDERSTANDING

  40. REMEMBERING Muscles of The Human body Label the muscles indicated on the photo above.

  41. UNDERSTANDING Muscles of The Human body For each muscle give 2 examples of actions it is responsible for? E.g. Abdominals are responsible for a sit up and a ‘pike’ in a dive.

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