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WHITHER EUROPEAN SCIENCE?

WHITHER EUROPEAN SCIENCE?. NORBERT KROÓ HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BUDAPEST,04.02.2005. EUROPEAN UNION. GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWLEDGE RADICAL (GLOBAL, NATIONAL, REGIONAL) CHANGES KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (ECONOMY)

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WHITHER EUROPEAN SCIENCE?

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  1. WHITHER EUROPEAN SCIENCE? NORBERT KROÓ HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BUDAPEST,04.02.2005

  2. EUROPEAN UNION GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWLEDGE RADICAL (GLOBAL, NATIONAL, REGIONAL) CHANGES KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (ECONOMY) RESOURCES (LABOUR, MATERIALS, ENERGY, CAPITAL, KNOWLEDGE) NEW PRACTICES IN RESEARCH x NEW PRIORITIES x DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES NEW IDEAS--- RESEARCH NEW POTENTIAL REVOLUTIONS (BIO-, NANO-, INFO- ) GLOBALIZATION SUSPICIOUS SOCIETY

  3. EUROPEAN UNION

  4. EUROPEAN UNION

  5. EUROPEAN UNION

  6. SCIENCE IS CHANGING (1). * THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES DEEPER KNOWLEDGE IN MORE NARROW FIELDS * INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS (COMPLEX PROBLEMS) * THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKY- ROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED * INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE. NETWORKING. (BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL) * STONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY.

  7. SCIENCE IS CHANGING (2). * NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN CYBERSPACE” TROUGH THE INTERACTION OF DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS * DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPANIES  REQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION, COMPANY CONSORTIA * SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL, GLOBALIZATION.

  8. THE KNOWLEDGE PARADOX THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENCE INCREASES (1) AND THE INTEREST OF THE YOUNG GENERATION DECREASES (2) AD 1. MULTIDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE INTERACTION WITH THE ECONOMY SHORTER AND NONLINEAR INNOVATION CHAIN KNOWLEDGE AS ECONOMICAL DRIVING FORCE SIGNIFICANT SHARE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE SKILLS APPLICABLE IN OTHER AREAS AD 2. HARD WORK WITH MODEST FINANTIAL REWARDS MANY OTHER CAREER PATHS „PROBLEMLESS” CURRICULI IN HIGH SCHOOLS

  9. SOCIETY IS CHANGING * RESPECT FOR SCIENCE VARYING (HIGH EXPECTATIONS BUT ALSO DISCONTENT) * GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN ON THE POSSIBLE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE (RADIOACTIVE WASTE, CHEMICAL POLLUTION, IMPROPERLY TESTED MEDICINES, BIOTECHNOLOGY, ETC.) * AWARENESS OF THE SOCIETY ON PUBLIC SPENDING * THREAT OF „INSTANT SCIENCE” DUE TO MEDIA AND OTHER INTEREST

  10. GOVERNANCE IS CHANGING • IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON GDP INCREASES • MILITARY RESEARCH SRINKS ( SECURITY RES.?) • CONFLICT BETWEEN RESOURCES AND FUNDING NEEDS • NEW ROLES OF NATIONAL / INERNATIONAL (EU) GOVERNANCE

  11. CHANGING EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE * EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL * EXPECTED DOUBLING OF THE R&D BUDGET OF THE EU * THE NEW APPROACHES IN FP7 * THE 3% ISSUE * THE IMPACT OF THE ENLARGEMENT PROCESS * LARGE NUMBER OF EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS ON THE SCENE (DRIVE FOR ADVISORY ROLE, ETC.) NEEDED TO FOLLOW THESE RECENT CHANGES

  12. SCIENCE POLICY ISSUES * BASIC VS. APPLIED RESEARCH (US VS. EU PRACTICES) * QUALITY AND EVALUATION NOT OF THE WORK OF INDIVIDUAL SCIENTISTS TO EXPLORE THE ACTIVITY OF EXISTING EUR. BODIES * EUROPEAN PERFORMANCE (?!) PUBLICATIONS, CITATIONS, GATEKEEPING WEALTH CREATION

  13. EUROPEAN PRESENCE IN PUBLICATIONS

  14. PATENT INDICATORS

  15. EUROPEAN UNION THE NEAR PAST INNOVATION PARADOX. SCIENCE POLICIES NOT IN HARMONY LOW SPENDING ON R&D FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES x ERA (HARMONIZED SCIENCE POLICY AND INFRASTRUC- TURE, MOBILITY, FINANCES, ARTICLE 169, NETWORK OF CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE, …) STRUCT. FUNDS! LISBON (KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY – ERA) BARCELONA (3%). INFORMATION SOCIETY PROGRAMMES

  16. FP6 PRIORITY FIELDS

  17. R&D RECOGNIZED AS A KEY TO COMPE- TITIVENESS AND NEW (HIGH TECH.) JOBS INCREASED RESEARCH POTENTIAL NEEDED HUMAN CAPITAL (700,000 NEW RESEARCH POSITIONS) PROPER INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM STRONG (BASIC) RESEARCH BASE ERC (excellence – competition on European level) HIGHER R&D SPENDING IMPROVED ACADEMIA - INDUSTRY RELATIONS BETTER SCIENCE - SOCIETY RELATIONS

  18. BASIC RESEARCH (1) WHY BASIC RESEARCH? EXCITING VENTURE DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES. NEED FOR NEW IDEAS (to a large extent from basic research) MAIN PILLAR OF (ELITE) EDUCATION DEVELOPS INSTRUMENTS (for applied research, for industry and for designing the development path of societies) HIGHEST LEVEL OF DEMAND FOR INDUSTRY

  19. BASIC RESEARCH (2) HOW? NONLINEAR INNOVATION CHAIN  MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROBLEM SOLUTIONS  (BASIC RESEARCH SHOULD BE IN HARMONY WITH THE OTHER ELE- MENTS OF THE CHAIN AND SO SHOULD BE THE DIFFERENT DISCIP- LINES) BALANCED SHARE OF DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES HUMAN CAPITAL {TRAINING IN (BASIC) RESEARCH} INFRASTRUCTURE (DISCIPLINARY AND GEOGRAPHICAL BALANCE) APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM

  20. INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM BALANCE BETWEEN NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN INSTI- TUTIONS, FACILITIES AND FINANCING ERC: EXCELLENCE (competition on European scale) PROFESSIONAL INDEPENDENCE ATTRACTIVITY (larger grants than national; minimal bureaucracy; EU funds) PEER REVIEW ON MERIT BASIS ONLY ALL DISCIPLINES IN HARMONY WITH THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE R&D CHAIN (THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION)

  21. EUROPEAN UNION ERC (1) ONE OF THE KEY INSTRUMENTS TO REALIZE THE ERA EXPECTED BENEFITS - NEW KNOLEDGE, IDEAS, DISCOVERIES - HIGHER QUALITY BY EUROPEAN SCALE COMPETITION - STRONGER EUROPEAN RESEARCH EFFORTS - DECREASING FRAGMENTATION - MINIMAL DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND RESOURCES - THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION MAY HAVE A BETTER VIEW OF RESEARCH IN EUROPE

  22. EUROPEAN UNION ERC (2) HOW? TO PROMOTE EXCELLENCE IN ALL AREAS OF SCIENCE COMPETITIVE FUNDING SPECIAL EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FOR TRAINING AND MOBILITY (TO INCREASE THE QUALITY AND NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS IN EUROPE) TO SUPPORT GROUP RESEARCH BUT INDIVIDUALS (FIRST OF ALL YOUNG RESEARCHERS) TOO

  23. EUROPEAN UNION ERC (3) OWNERSHIP AND FUNDING ERC CREATED BY THE UNION AND ITS HEADS OF STATES ACCOUNTABLE TO THE EU THROUGH ITS GOVERNING BODY AUTONOMOUS SCIENTIFIC DECISION MAKING BODY FUNDING MAINLY FROM THE EU BUDGET (BUT NOT FROM FP) IN THE NEW TREATY: EU SHOULD HAVE RIGHTS FOR DIRECT FUNDING OF THE ERC AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD BE POSSIBLE (E.G. TO OBTAIN FINANCES OR TO BUILD UP OTHER FORMS OF CO-OPERATION)

  24. EUROPEAN UNION ERC (4) ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE GOVERNING BODY APPOINTED BY THE SPONSORS, THUS ACCOUNTABLE TO THE POLITICAL SYSTEM APPROPRIATE POWER OF THE BOARD (SHOULD INCLUDE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, INDUSTRY AND THE WIDER SOCIETY) BUT AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE (IN LINE WITH SCIENTIFIC STANDARDS AND CONDUCT)

  25. EUROPEAN UNION ERC (5) HOW TO START? URGENTLY (IF THE DECISIONS OF LISBON AND BARCELONA ARE TAKEN SERIOUSLY)! TO START WITH THE AIM TO HAVE (MAINLY) CATALYTIC EFFECTS (BUT WITH THE POTENTIAL AND APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATION OF THE ERC TO BECOME A MAJOR RESEARCH PROMOTING BODY IN EUROPE)

  26. MAIN GOALS 1.HUMAN POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT[EDUCATION, TRAI- NING IN RESEARCH, GENDER ISSUE,NEW MEMBERS, YOUNG GENERATION!!,(BOLOGNA PROCESS,…)] 2.RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE * VITAL FOR IHP BUT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOO * LARGE FACILITIES (LHC, ITER, etc.) Eur. added value, * MEDIUM SIZED INFRASTRUCTURES  complementary, * SMALL INSTRUMENTS (UNIQUE OR LOCAL)  networked. * EUROPEAN USE OF NATIONAL FACILITIES ( THE EC FP PRAXIS HAS BEEN A GREAT SUCCESS) 1 2

  27. OBJECTIVES (1) DEVELOP IDEAS ON HOW THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE 3% OBJECTIVE TO ACHIEVE SYNERGY (with other instruments) NORMATIVE AND NOT COMPETITIVE ACCESS MIX OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, LOCAL AND EU FINANCING INCREASE THE P&P FUNDING ADDED TO SF FOR R&D HOW TO SUPPORT NEW MEMBERS (KEY SIGNIFICANCE) CONVINCE THE DECISION MAKERS ON THE NECESSITY OF THE USE OF SF-S FOR R&D

  28. WHAT ABOUT THE SMALLER COUNTRIES? IN HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING: THE QUALITY DEMANDS ARE THE SAME OR BIGGER (Big countries make their citizens great, small count- ries are made great by their citizens) INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY MORE IMPORTANT TO OVERCOME THE LANGUAGE BARRIER SPECIFITIES IN THE DEMAND FOR RESEARCH INFRA- STRUCTURE

  29. SPECIFICITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE (1) *THE BUILDING UP OFNETWORKS (UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCH INSTITUTES WITH RES. INFRASTRUCTURE, INDUSTRY, EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING UNITS, TECH- NOLOGY TRANSFER INSTITUTIONS, VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPLIERS) OF INCREASED SIGNIFICANCE. *PREFERENCE OFMEDIUM SIZEFACILITIES(ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS, MATERIALS STUDY INSTRUMENTS, DATABANKS, BIO INFORMATICS CENTERS), BROADER IMPACT ON LOCAL TECHNOLOGY NEEDS)

  30. SPECIFICITIES (2) * THESE FACILITIES ARELESS SPECIFIC, OPEN BROADER COOPERATION BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND LOCAL (REGIONAL) INDUSTRY, * THEY OFFERSERVICETO LOCAL COMPANIES AND THE EXPERTIZE OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF.

  31. STATE OF ART IN THE NEW MEMBER COUNTRIES NEED TO IMPROVE THEKNOWLEDGE BASE UNDERFINANCEDRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LOW NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS (WELL TRAINED, BUT NOT OPTIMALLY USED) STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS MOSTLY SOLVED THEY SHOULD BE TREATED AS THE OLD MEMBERS RESEARCHINFRASTRUCTUREON DIFFERENT LEVELS IN GENERAL WEAK,BUT IMPROVING;OTHER HURTING INFRASTRUC- TURAL PRIORITIES (E.G.ROADS, RAILWAYS,ETC.)STRUCTURAL FUNDS VITAL TO ACHIEVE SATISFACTORY COMPETITIVENESS)

  32. CENTRAL-EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION THE REPLY OF THE HUNGARIAN COMMISSIONER TO A SIMILAR QUESTION AT THE EU PARLAMENT:

  33. BASIC RESEARCH IN THE NEW MEMBER COUNTRIES IS ALSO STRONG ENOUGH TO CONTRIBUTE TO WEALTH CREATION

  34. FINANCES 3% TARGET FOR R&D IN NATIONAL BUDGETS PROPER INCREASE IN THE COMMUNITY BUDGET TOO SUPPORT FOR BASIC RESEARCH (ERC) SHOULD BE PART OF THE FP BUDGET COMPETITION ON EQUAL TERMS FOR ALL (neither preference nor biased judgement of new members in the selection process of grant applications) STRUCTURAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE (to help to bridge the existing gap of chances)

  35. A NEW INITIATIVE TO OVERCOME THESE DIFFICULTIES A STRONGER ROLE OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS IN STRENGHTENING OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE IS RECOMMENDED {in line with the Lisbon-Barcelona (ERA, 3%) and the Göteborg (sustainable development) objectives} KEY SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE NEW MEMBERS COMMISSION INITIATED WORK IN EURAB, BUDAP. CONF. ( EURAB document for the Commission with support from the Research and Regional DG-s)

  36. EUROPEAN UNION WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? TO CREATE A GENERAL, COMPETITIVE SUPPORT STRUCTURE ON EUROPEAN LEVEL, TO PROMOTE EXCELLENCE IN BASIC AND STRATEGIC RESEARCH PROPER EMPHASIS ON RESEARCH IN THE NEW COSTITUTION HIGHER SPENDING BOTH ON EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL LEVELS, MAXIMIZE INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATION (STRUCTURE) NEW INSTRUMENTS EUROPEAN ADDED VALUE (EXCELLENCE, BUT THE FIRST PRIORITY SHOULD BE COMPETITION ON EUROPEAN SCALE

  37. EUROPEAN UNION WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? EURAB (WG-S) ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN ERA, ENLARGEMENT AND ERA, EVALUATION, ERA SCOPE AND VISION, IMPROVING INNOVATION, INCREASING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF CARREERS, BOOSTING JOINT INVESTEMENT IN R&D (3%), SME-S AND ERA, SOCIAL SCIENCES EC (COMMUNICATIONS) HARMONIZATION (ERA, EHEA, EIA) ERC ERCEG (ESF, EURAB, EMBO,…)

  38. EUROPEAN UNION CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPE CHANGES IN SCIENCE EARLIER THAN IN OTHER FIELDS SIGNIFICANT GAP BETWEEN THE EU AND CEE EVEN BIGGER DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CEEC-S THE NEED FOR SIMULTANEOUS GLOBAL AND LOCAL CHANGES (RESEARCH STRUCTURE, FINANTIAL, ECONOMICAL,…) CHANGES GO TOGETHER WITH SIGNIFICANT RISKS RISKS CORRELATED WITH UNCERTAINTIES

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