Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix

1. Micro Computer Processor Chips: A Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix Spring 2002 Section: 2 Jeremy Bruker Matt Carey Jeffery Hensley

2. Roots of The Modern Industry • Intel Corporation created (1968) • Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore • “Integrated Electronics” • first microprocessor released to the publicin November 1971 • Genius of development and design • 3101 (SRAM)

3. Roots of The Modern Industry (cont) • AMD • eight people, including Jerry Sanders 1969 • Working out of their Living Room • “Parametric superiority”– the motto • guarantee of quality on electronics that the company certified and tested

4. The First Microprocessor • Busicom asked Intel to create 12 custom chips • Intel answered this with one general purpose chip • Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor creators of the chip it was 1/8 inch long and 1/6 inch wide, had 2,300 metal oxide semiconductors • Equivalent to the ENIAC supercomputers • Foundation of modern Chips the Intel 4004

5. Intel 4004 • 4-Bit • Containing command registers, a decoder, decoding control, control monitoring of machine commands, and interim registers. • Pioneer spacecraft used the 4004 and started the use of processors in broader areas

6. Generations: First Generation • Intel 8086 • 16-bit bus • 5 MHz – 10 MHZ • 29,000 transistors • broke the RAM into 64KB sections

7. Generations: Second Generation • 1982, Intel 80286 known as 286 • first Intel processors that was backwards compatible • 6 - 20MHz • Wider Address Lines allowed for 16MB of memory

8. Generations: Third Generation • 386 family,1985 • 80386DX was the first true 32-bit processor • “multi-tasking” • total memory of 4 Gb • 33 MHz version - 275,000 transistors • 80386SX was the standard 16-bit • Chip was copied very well by AMD and Cyrix

9. Generations: Fourth Generation • upgradeable processors and standardized motherboard sockets • Intel released the 80486 known as the 486 • 32-bit • built in math co-processor • incorporated level one cache • concept of burst mode to reduce the wait time on memory access • The 486SX math co-processor was disabled on the chip but is the same chip as the 486DX

10. Generations: Fourth Generation cont. • AMD’s 5x86 family • one speed 133 MHz on boards with 33Mhz bus • uses a .35-micron trace in its processor • Cyrix - M1sc • resembled the AMD • Had Pentium qualities , such as pipeline burst • 16Kb larger cache then the 486 DX chip • Came in two speeds 100 and 120 Mhz • Fastest class of chip that will run in 486 motherboard

11. Generations: Fifth Generation • increase of AMD and Cyrix cloning the Intel chips leads Intel Trademarks the name Pentium • Pentium • has a memory bus of 64 bits • used a split level 1 cache 8kb for instruction. • Faster floating point calculations • Introduced MMX technology

12. Generations: Fifth Generation cont. • AMD • K5 chips however these chips did not perform as well as the Pentium it was released a year late and was too slow • RISC- based architecture • 16Kb main cache, 4-way set associative cache mapping, and register renaming • Problems: with compatibility to the Pentium class.

13. Generations: Fifth Generation cont. • Cyrix 6X86 • 5 to 7 stage internal pipeline • 4-way primary cache • problems with: processor identification problems, motherboard compatibility, heat/power usage, and no multi-processor support. Internally

14. Generations: sixth Generation • Intel’s Pentium Pro and the Pentium II • Pentium Pro • RISC-like microinstructions • 14 level super pipeline • cache ranging from 256Kb up to 1Mb • 180 to 200 MHz • Pentium II • double level cache 1 • segment register caches • contained less cache level 2 • 233 to 333 MHz

15. Generations: sixth Generation cont. • AMD K6 • 64 KB of level 1 cache • K6 is quite similar to the Pentium Pro at the same clock speed but was not as good as the Pentium • Cyrix 6x86MX • Added MMX to their chips • 64 bit, and a small additional level 1 cache • Still has heat problems and power usage problems • 1997 acquisition of Cyrix by giant National Semiconductor

16. Generations: seventh Generation • Intel Pentium III • 8 new 128 bit floating point registers • Single Instruction Multiple Data function • 12 new MMX instructions • 100 or 133 MHz Front Side Bus versions • 70 new streaming SIMD extensions • Full speed level two cache • Advanced System Buffering technology

17. Generations: seventh Generation cont. • AMD Athlon • First seventh Generation chip. • 256KB of on-chip • 200 and 266 front side buses • Based on the Thunderbird design • Running from 750 Mhz – 1.0 Ghz

18. Generations: eight Generation • Intel Pentium IV • 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns • 400 MHz system bus • 1.50Ghz to the current 2.40 GHz • AMD MP • AMD PowerNow! • super scalar x86 processor micro architecture designed for high performance • bus snooping capability

19. Generations: eight Generation cont. • AMD XP • 37.5 million on board transistors • 266 MHz Front Side Bus • a peak transfer rate of 2.1 GB a second • 3Dnow! • multiple parallel x86 instruction decoders • Leading in 3d graphics

20. Generations: nine Generation • AMD – Hammer • Intel – IA-64

21. The End