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Understanding Water: The Neutral Substance and Its Ionization

Water (H2O) is a neutral substance that undergoes self-ionization, producing hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions. In pure H2O, the concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal, yielding a neutral solution. When the concentration of H+ exceeds that of OH-, the solution becomes acidic; conversely, if OH- exceeds H+, it becomes basic. This fundamental understanding of water is crucial in chemistry, particularly in studying ionic compounds and their behavior in aqueous solutions, such as when salts like NaCl dissolve.

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Understanding Water: The Neutral Substance and Its Ionization

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  1. TOPIC: WATER, the neutral substanceDo Now

  2. Water self-ionizes • H2O(l) + H2O(l)  H3O+1(aq) + OH-1(aq) H3O+1 = hydronium ion OH-1 = hydroxide ion • H+1 and H3O+1 used interchangeably H+1 called proton or hydrogen ion

  3. Acid, Base, or Neutral • all H2O contains some H+1 & some OH-1 ions • pure H2O: concentrations verylow (like 10-7) • Neutral solution: [H+1] = [OH-1] • Acidic solution: H+1 > OH-1 • Basic solution: OH-1 > H+

  4. Answer questions on p. 4

  5. Now let’s review salts • Ionic Compounds (metal + nonmetal) • Structure = Crystal lattice = solid • Can ionize in water • NaCl(s)  Na+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq) • CaBr2(s)  Ca+2(aq) + 2Br-1(aq) • Al(NO3)3(s)  Al+3(aq) + 3NO3-1(aq) • Can be formed when acids and bases react • Can be formed when an acid and metal react H2O H2O H2O

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