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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Electrical Plans. Links for Chapter 17. Circuit Design. Symbols and Wiring. Steps in Drawing. Relate Web Sites. Circuit Design. Place switches and outlets at convenient locations Outlets should be a maximum of 12’ apart and 6’ from an opening Keep outlets accessible

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Electrical Plans

  2. Links for Chapter 17 Circuit Design Symbols and Wiring Steps in Drawing Relate Web Sites

  3. Circuit Design • Place switches and outlets at convenient locations • Outlets should be a maximum of 12’ apart and 6’ from an opening • Keep outlets accessible • Keep an outlet in the hallway and close together in kitchen

  4. Circuit Design • Kitchen, bathroom, laundry, and outdoor circuits require ground-fault interrupter (GFI) • Exhaust fan needed in bathroom • Ceiling lights are common in children’s bedrooms • Place a light over the sink in the kitchen

  5. Circuit Design • Place switches so they are near lights • Locate lights in closets or alcove • Use 220-volt outlets in a shop • Light stairways well • Use exterior lights to illuminate outside areas

  6. Energy Conservation • Keep outlets at a minimum on outside walls • Use a back draft fan or automatic damper to limit air leakage • Use timed thermostats to control heating and cooling automatically • Run outside wires along on bottom plate

  7. Energy Conservation • Select energy-efficient appliances • Use fluorescent lights whenever possible • Caulk and seal around all light and convenience outlets • Use recessed lights with insulation cover (IC)

  8. Home Automation • Automation is a method of controlling and operating mechanical devices without human intervention • Consider an in-home theater • Computerize lighting, heating, and security • Structured wiring is used for in-home computer networks

  9. Electrical Design Considerations • Entry - One light controlled by a switch and GFI outlet • Patio/Porch - Lighting and GFI outlets • Living area - Ceiling light/fan and outlets • Dining room - Switch-controlled ceiling light • Kitchen - Outlets above the counter, for appliances, and adequate lighting

  10. Electrical Design Considerations • Bedrooms - Lighting in room and closets with outlets • Bathrooms - GFI outlets, ceiling lights and fans • Laundry - Ceiling lights with 120- and 220-volt outlets • Smoke detectors - One in each sleeping area and on each story

  11. Electrical Design Considerations • Telephones - Located in kitchen, office, and master bedroom • Television, cable, stereo, security - Usually wired by a specialist • Computer - Wired for a computer network to maximize printing and file-sharing

  12. Universal Electrical Installations • Switch Location - Place 2’-6” above floor • Convenience Outlets - 15” above the floor and about 8’ apart • Lighting - Provide lighting that is controlled by dimmer switches • Communications - Provide additional phone jacks and an intercom system if needed

  13. Electrical Symbols • All electrical symbols should be drawn with a 1/8” circle • Symbols and lines should not clutter drawing • Switches are drawn perpendicular to a wall • Draw lines with a French curve • Local notes may be applied in special situations

  14. Electrical Layouts

  15. Electrical Layouts

  16. Wiring Specifications • Typical residential service is 200 amps • Service can be distributed overhead or underground • Locate meter on garage or exterior side wall • Locate the distribution panel in garage or close to heavy load devices

  17. Drawing Electrical Plans • Letter all switch locations and draw all fixture locations • Draw electrical circuits or switch legs with dashed line • Place electrical outlets • Add local notes

  18. Heat and Light • Electricity- form of energy that can produce light, heat, magnetism, and chemical changes • Resistance- tendency of material to resist electrical flow • Conductor- allow electricity flow easily • Insulator- great resistance to the flow of electricity

  19. Amperes, Volts, and Watts • Amperes- a measure of the rate of flow of electricity • Volts- a measure of electric pressure • Watts- measure of the amount of energy or work that can be done Watts= Volts x Amperes Volts= Watts Amperes=Watts Amperes Volts

  20. Electrical Safety • Place all heater and lamps away form combustible materials • Keep metal cases or cabinets of eletrical appliances grounded • Do not remove the back oa a TV set • Keep electrical motors lubricated and free of grease and dirt

  21. Electrical Safety • Keep appliance dry • Do not use switches, outlets, fixture, or extension cords that are cracked or damaged • Follow manufacture’s instructions

  22. Types of Cables • Nonmetallic sheathed cable- consists of copper or aluminum wires covered with paper and vinyl • Armored cable- a flexible metal sheath with individual wires inside • Conduit- tubing that contains individual insulated wires • Electrical metallic tube- bendable type of metal

  23. Wire Identification • Type T- used for dry locations • Type TW- use in dry or wet locations • Type THHN- dry locations, high temperature • Type THW and THWN- wet locations, high temperature • Type XHHW- high moisture and heat resistance • Type UF- direct burial in soil but not concrete

  24. Wire Identification • Positive (hot) wires- black, red, blue wires that carry current to appliances • Neutral wires- white wires that carry current from the appliance back to the source • Green wires and bare wires are used to ground all metal boxes and appliances

  25. Career Options After Training • Industrial electrician • Maintenance electrician • Commercial electrician • General electrician • Project manager • Construction superintendent • Supervisor • Contractor • Independent business owner

  26. Wages • Electric power generation, transmission and distribution $28.15 • Local government $25.66 • Nonresidential building construction $22.21 • Building equipment contractors $21.72 • Employment services $18.32

  27. Top 16 Tools • Fish Tape Wire Crimper • Tape Measure Straight-head Screwdriver • Voltmeter Philips Screwdriver • Hammer Razor Blade Knife (Utility Knife) • Channel Lock Pliers Allen Wrench Set (Hex set) • Wire Strippers Flashlight • Non-Contact Voltage Detector Torpedo Level • Side Cutter Diagonal Pliers Linesman Pliers

  28. Wires • Aluminum and Copper • Black = AC hotRed = switched AC hotYellow = AC hot from a another sourceWhite = neutralRed w/white tracer = switched neutralGreen or green w/ yellow tracer = ground/earth ground • The bigger the number size the smaller the wire and voltage.

  29. Related Web Sites • Audio Video Environment - www.avenow.com • Leviton- www.leviton.com/ • Nutone- www.nutone.com • On Q Home Wiring Systems- www.onqtech.com • SquareD - www.squared.com

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