Grammar unit 3: Verbs

1. Grammar unit 3: Verbs Get ready to travel to the land of Verbia where there’s always something happening! Hello, master grammarians! I’m back!

2. What is a verb? • Verb – a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being. • Three types of verbs: • Action verbs • Linking verbs • Helping verbs (but they’re pretty clingy) An old favorite!

3. Action verbs (from Action, Verbia) • Action verb – tells what the subject does. The action it expresses can be physical or mental. • Mr. Hoffmann’s examples: Abigail runs in cross country meets. (physical) Everyone fears a snow day. (mental) • Your examples:

4. Linking verbs (from Link, Verbia) • Linking verbs – connect subjects to a noun or adjective that defines/describes it. • Amizar B. WuzwerbinAND his friends appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste. *To tell if a word is functioning as a linking verb, substitute a form of “be.” If it works, it’s linking! Amizar B. Wuzerbinis my name and matchmaking is my game!

5. Quick challenge! • Which one is an action verb and which one is a linking verb? • Kelsey looks at Casey. Casey looks frightened. • The dog feels content. Jordinfeels the dog’s fur. • Something smells delicious. John smells dinner cooking. • The class grew quiet. Mr. Hoffmann grew a fake bamboo plant.

6. Helping verbs and verb phrases • Helping verbs – help main verbs express precise shades of meaning, but they usually can’t stand alone! When they’re teamed up with a main verb, they form a verb phrase. • Mr. Hoffmann’s example: But I didcompletemy homework, Mrs. Main! Your example:

7. A quick review THE VERB SONG!

8. It’s homework time! • Practice and apply, p. 94, #6-10, challenge

9. A quick review THE VERB SONG! It’s a smash hit in Verbia!

10. Opened mind/Closed notebook learning check! • Name the three types of verbs: 1. 2. 3. • Actionverbs can describe these two types of action: 4. 5. • Describe the “trick” for telling if a verb is linking or action: 6. • Explain how to form a verb phrase: 7.

11. DO/IO review • Direct objects – noun/pronoun that receives the action. *To find a D.O., find the verb and ask “verb+what?” • Indirect objects – tells to what or whom/for what or whom an action is done. You can’t have an I.O. without a D.O.! *To find an I.O., find the D.O. and ask “verb + D.O. + for whom/what or to whom/what?” **WATCH OUT! If the preposition “to” or “for” appears in a sentence, the word that follows it is NOT an I.O.!

12. Transitive vs. Intransitive verbs • Transitive verb – an action verb that has a D.O. (It can do an action TO something else) Mr. Hoffmann’s example: Snowflakes transform the landscape. • Intransitive verb – an action verb that doesn’t have a D.O. (It can’t perform its action on something else) Mr. Hoffmann’s example: Snowflakes float slowly from the skies.

13. Transitive/Intransitive CHALLENGE! • The following verbs can be either transitive or intransitive depending on the context. Write a sentence making each verb transitive. Then write a sentence making each verb intransitive. Turn Hurry

14. It’s homework time! • Practice and Apply (p.97, #1-10, all)

15. PN/PA review Predicate noun – noun that follows a linking verb and defines the subject Predicate adjective – adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject The chorus members are singers. The chorus concert was awesome! Linking verb Noun or adjective Subject

16. Review with a partner! • PN/PA charades: • In your seating groups, take turns pantomiming an emotion or profession. • Group members write down their guesses in the form of predicate nouns and adjectives. • Example: Pop is a clown!

17. It’s homework time! • Practice and Apply (p. 99, evens)

18. Open notebook quiz! • How do you find a D.O.? • How do you find an I.O.? • What is the difference between a transitive verb and an intransitive verb? • Write an example sentence with a transitive verb. • Write an example sentence with an intransitive verb. • What job do PNs and PAs do? • Write an example sentence with a PN. • Write an example sentence with a PA.

19. Principal parts of verbs • Principal parts: the four basic forms of every verb – present, present participle, past, and past participle. They show basic changes in time. Mr. Hoffmann’s examples: Austin jumps from a plane. (present) Austin is jumpingfrom a plane. (present participle) Austin jumped from a plane. (past) Austin has jumped from a plane. (past participle)

20. Pass it down the lane! • One person in the group should come up with a silly sentence in the present form. • The person it is whispered to changes the sentence to the present participle form when he/she passes it on. • The next person changes the sentence to the past form when he/she passes it on. • The end person states to the group what he/she heard using the past participle form.

21. Homework time! • Practice and apply (p. 101, #1-10 all) • Write the verb • Tell whether it is present, present participle, past, or past participle!

22. Irregular verbs • Irregular verbs – any verb whose past and past participle forms are not made by adding –edor –d to the present form. Mr Hoffmann’s examples: My fish bit the dust. (bite) Brittany has swum in many competitions. (swim)

23. Irregular verbs posters! • Group 1 – The forms of the present, past, and past participle are all the same. (burst burst  has burst) • Group 2 – The forms of the past and the past participle are the same. (bring brought  has brought) • Group 3 – The past participle is formed by adding –nor–en to the past. (bite  bit  has bitten) • Group 4 – The past participle is formed from the present, usually by adding –nor –en. (blow  blew  has blown) • Group 5 – A vowel in the verb changes from iin the present to a in the past and to u in the past participle. (begin  began  has begun)

24. Homework time! • Practice and apply (p. 104, #1-10 all)

25. Simple Tenses • Tense – verb form that shows time of an action or condition. Three simple tenses: present, past, future. Mr. Hoffmann’s examples: Skylarwrites compelling stories. (occurring now) Kyle completed three backflips on his dirt bike. (over and finished now) Trevor will receive a PS3 for Christmas. (hasn’t happened yet, but will!) Your examples:

26. Progressive forms • Progressive forms of tenses express an action or condition still in progress. Shows that actions/conditions are (is), were (was), or will be happening. Mr. Hoffmann’s examples: Eric’s cat is meowingfor food. Emilee was readingthe latest Warriors novel when the earthquake hit. Ally will be singing an Ashley Tisdale songin the concert. Your examples: Meow! I need food, Bluestar!

27. Try it on your own! • Practice and Apply (p. 107, #1-10 all)

28. Perfect tenses • Present perfect tense – places action or condition in a stretch of time leading up to the present. (*The helping verb always has to be in the present tense!*) Mr. Hoffmann’s example: Dr. Otto has given us a long vacation! Your example:

29. Perfect tenses • Past perfect tense – places a past action or condition before another past action or condition. (*Helping verb must be past tense) Mr. Hoffmann’s example: The master grammarians had completed their homework and still wanted more! Your example: More grammar, please!

30. Perfect tenses • Future perfect tense – places an future action or condition before another future action or condition. (*Will have) Mr. Hoffmann’s example: The play will have ended by the time we get there! Your example:

31. Identify the perfect tenses: By the time the crowd broke down the door, the monster had run through the secret door into the basement. Suddenly, he was face to face with the scientist who had created him. “I have done a terrible thing,” said the scientist. “But by nightfall, you will have ceased to exist.”

32. Homework time! • Practice and Apply (p. 110, exercise B) • Rewrite the paragraph using the tenses named in parentheses.

33. Troublesome verb pairs • Brainstorm a clever phrase, mnemonic, cheer, or song to remember the difference between your group’s troublesome verb pair. Create a poster to help others remember the difference too! • Group 1: Lie and Lay • Group 2: Sit and Set • Group 3: Rise and Raise • Group 4: May and Can • Group 5:Lie and Lay

34. Quick review • Verb tenses review • P. 114, #1-10 with challenge!