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The cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system. How blood gets around the body. Types of blood vessels. Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Get progressively smaller Arteries (large elastic, medium muscular); arterioles; capillaries Can constrict or dilate Veins Carry blood back to the heart

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The cardiovascular system

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  1. The cardiovascular system How blood gets around the body

  2. Types of blood vessels • Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • Get progressively smaller • Arteries (large elastic, medium muscular); arterioles; capillaries • Can constrict or dilate • Veins • Carry blood back to the heart • Venules, veins

  3. Comparison of arteries and veins

  4. Functions of different types of arteries • Elastic arteries • Largest diameter • Move blood to muscular arteries • Aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, vertebral, pulmonary and iliac • Muscular arteries • More susceptible to dilation and constriction • Arterioles • Deliver blood to capillaries • Resistance to blood flow • Capillaries- molecular exchange • Absent from surface epithelia, cornea nad lens and cartilage

  5. Different types of capillaries • Continuous • Skeletal and smooth muscle, connective tissue and lungs • Fenestrated (holes) • Kidneys, villi of small intestine, endocrine glands • Sinusoid (big holes) • Red marrow, liver, spleen

  6. Venules converge into veins • Designed to bring blood back to the heart • Can serve as a reservoir of blood (can hold up to 64% of blood at rest) • Valves are critical to keep blood moving in the right direction

  7. Circulatory routes of blood; pulmonary and systemic most prominent

  8. Studying the circulatory routes • Exhibits give an overview of the vessels themselves and how they are organized • Origins of names of the blood vessels • Note that there are superficial and deep vessels (arteries are mostly deep) • Regions supplied (arterial) or drained (venous) • Illustrations

  9. Aorta and its branches (all systemic arteries)

  10. Example: branching of the abdominal aorta

  11. Arteries of chest and upper limb

  12. Arteries of head and neck; abdomen

  13. Most of the blood is found within the veins

  14. Three systemic veins return blood to the heart • Superior vena cava- head, neck, chest, upper limbs • Inferior vena cava-abdomen, pelvic, lower limbs • Coronary sinus-myocardium • Venous networks are more irregular • Tend to be more superficial (good for injections or blood draws)

  15. Principal veins

  16. The hepatic portal system • Portal carries blood from one network to another without going through the heart • Sends blood from GI tract and spleen to liver before going to the heart • Blood is “processed” in the liver

  17. Blood flow to, from and through hepatic portal system

  18. Pulmonary circulation

  19. Summary of venous system flow

  20. Fetal circulation • Gas exchange occurs with maternal blood (within placenta) • Fetal lungs, kidneys and GI organs don’t function until birth • Umbilical vein delivers oxygen to fetus • Umbilical artery returns blood to placenta

  21. Fetal circulation changes significantly after birth

  22. Disorders of the circulatory system • Hypertension • Atherosclerosis • Risk factors: • Excess weight • Sedentary lifestyle • Dietary • Smoking • Genetic • Aging

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