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Cellular Respiration: Phase 1 Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…

Cellular Respiration: Phase 1 Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…. Essential Question(s). How does cellular respiration enable heterotrophs to harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates?. Harvesting Stored Energy. Glucose. Redox in Cellular Respiration.

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Cellular Respiration: Phase 1 Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…

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  1. Cellular Respiration: Phase 1 Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…

  2. Essential Question(s) • How does cellular respiration enable heterotrophs to harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates?

  3. Harvesting Stored Energy

  4. Glucose

  5. Redox in Cellular Respiration glucose + oxygen  energy + water + carbon dioxide oxidation respiration ATP + 6H2O + 6CO2 + heat  C6H12O6 + 6O2 reduction

  6. Overview of Cellular Respiration

  7. Overview of Cellular Respiration

  8. Overview of Cellular Respiration

  9. Evolutionary Perspective of Glycolysis

  10. Glycolysis

  11. Glycolysis: Glucose Priming CH2OH O Glucose 1 ATP hexokinase ADP CH2 O P O Glucose 6-phosphate 2 phosphoglucose isomerase CH2 P O CH2OH O Fructose 6-phosphate 3 ATP phosphofructokinase P O CH2 CH2 O P O ADP Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase O CH2 4,5 P H isomerase C O C O Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate (G3P) CH2OH CHOH CH2 O P NAD+ Pi NAD+ Pi 6 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase NADH NADH P O O CHOH 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) CH2 O P

  12. Glycolysis: Energy Harvest DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P Pi Pi NAD+ NAD+ 6 NADH NADH 7 ADP ADP O- phosphoglycerate kinase C ATP ATP CHOH 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PG) CH2 P O 8 O- phosphoglycero-mutase O C H C O P 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) CH2OH O- 9 H2O H2O enolase C O O C P Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) CH2 O- 10 ADP ADP C O pyruvate kinase ATP ATP C O CH3 Pyruvate Pyruvate

  13. Glycolysis: Electron Shuttles

  14. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation O- 9 H2O H2O enolase C O O C P Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) CH2 O- 10 ADP ADP C O pyruvate kinase ATP ATP C O CH3 Pyruvate Pyruvate

  15. Glycolysis: Summary • Endergonic • Invest some ATP • Exergonic • Harvest a little ATP and NADH • Net Yield • + 2 ATP • + 2 NADH

  16. Energy Accounting of Glycolysis 2 NAD+ 4 ADP ATP 4 2 2 ATP 2 ADP glucose  pyruvate 6C 3C 2x

  17. Enduring Understandings • Heterotrophs capture free energy present in carbon compounds produced by other animals, and metabolize carbs, lipids, and proteins by hydrolysis. • Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates. • Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate. • Different energy-capturing processes use different types of electron acceptors

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