El presente

1. El presente

2. Uses of the Present • Express a timeless or habitual action in the present • Describe events that last up to the present • Express planned events and actions in the future

3. Uses of the Present 4. Describe actions and situations that have been going on for a certain period of time in the following constructions: • hace + length of time + que + verb in present • Verb in present + (desde) hace + length of time • To ask a question use • ¿Cuánto (tiempo) hace que+ verb in the present? • ¿Desde hace cuánto tiempo + verb in the present?

4. Uses of the Present • Describe actions and situations that have been going on since a specific point in time: • Verb in present + desde + point in time • To ask a question use the following construction: • ¿Desde cuándo + verb in the present?

5. Regular Verb Conjugation -ar -er -ir . -o -amos -o -emos -o -imos -as -áis -es -éis -es -ís -a -an -e -en -e -en

6. Verbs with Irregular Yo • caber (to fit)- quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben • caer (to fall)- caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen • dar (to give)- doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan • hacer (to do or make)- hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen Deshacer (to undo), satisfacer (to satisfy)

7. Verbs with Irregular Yo • poner (to put)- pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen componer (to compose/repair), exponer (to expose), suponer (to suppose), descomponer (to break), imponer (to impose), disponer (to dispose), proponer (to propose) • saber (to know a fact/how to do something) sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben • salir (to go out/leave) salgo, sales, sale, salemos, salís, salen

8. Verbs with Irregular Yo • traer (to bring)- traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen atraer (to attract), contraer (to contract), distraer (to distract) • valer (to be worth/cost)- valgo, vales, vale valemos, valéis, valen • ver (to see)- veo, ves, ve vemos, veis, ven

9. Verbs with Irregular Yo and Stem Change • decir (to say/tell)- digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen • tener (to have)- tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen contener (to contain), entretener (to entertain), obtener (to obtain), detener (to detain/stop), mantener (to maintian), retener (to retain) • venir (to come)- vengo, vienes, viene venimos, venís, vienen convenir (to agree/be suitable), intervenir (to intervene), prevenir (to warn/ prevent)

10. Other Irregular Verbs • estar (to be)- estoy, estás, está, éstamos, estáis, están • ir (to go)- voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van • oír (to hear)- oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen • ser (to be)- soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son

11. Stem-changing verbs • u to ue jugar (to play) juego jugamos juegas jugáis juega juegan

12. Stem-changing Verbs • o to ue dormir (to sleep) duermo dormimos duermas dormís duerma duerman

13. Other o to ue Verbs almorzar (to eat lunch) volver (to return) acostarse (to go to bed) costar (to cost) demostrar (to demonstrate) encontrar (to find) mostrar (to show) soñar (to dream) recordar (to remember) llover (to rain) oler (to smell) poder (to be able) resolver (to solve) morir (to die)

14. oler oler- to smell huelo olemos hueles oléis huele huelen

15. Stem-changing Verbs • e to ie querer (to want) quiero queremos quieres quieréis quiere quieren

16. Other e to ie Verbs pensar (to think) cerrar (to close) comenzar (to begin)confesar (to confess) despertarse (to wake up) empezar (to begin) nevar (to snow) sentarse (to sit down) entender (to understand) perder (to lose) preferir (to prefer) advertir (to notify) hervir (to boil)

17. Stem-changing Verbs • e to i servir (to serve) sirvo servimos sirves servís sirve sirven

18. Other e to i Verbs despedir (to fire) impedir (to prevent) medir (to measure) reírse (to laugh) repetir (to repeat) sonreírse (to smile) vestir(se) (to dress) pedir (to ask for, request) despedirse (de) to say good-bye)

19. reír reír- to laugh río reimos ríes reís ríe ríen

20. -uir Verbs • -uir verbs add a y after the u. construir (to build) construyo construimos construyes construís construye construyen

21. Other –uir Verbs atribuir (to attribute) concluir (to conclude) contribuir (to contribute) destruir (to destroy) distribuir (to distribute) huir (to flee) incluir (to include) influir (to influence) sustituir (to substitute)

22. -iar and –uar Verbs • -iar and –uar verbs have an accent on the i or u. enviar (to send) continuar (to continue) envío enviamos continúo continuamos envías enviáis continúas continuáis envía envían continúa continúan

23. Other –iar and –uar Verbs • -iar confiar (en) (to confide [in]) espiar (to spy) fiarse (de) (to trust) guiar (to guide) variar (to vary) resfriarse (to catch a cold) • -uar actuar (to act) graduarse (to graduate)

24. -ger and –gir Verbs • -ger and –gir verbs change g to j in the yo form. proteger (to protect) exigir (to demand) protejo protegemos exijo exigimos proteges protegéis exiges exigís protege protegen exige exigen

25. Other –ger and –gir verbs • -ger coger (to grab, catch) encoger (to correct) escoger (to choose) recoger (to gather, pick up) • -gir afligir (to grieve) corregir (to correct) dirigir (to direct, conduct) elegir (to choose) fingir (to feign, pretend)

26. -guir Verbs • Verbs that end in -guir change –gu to g in the yo. seguir (e i) sigo seguimos sigues seguís sigue siguen

27. Other –guir Verbs conseguir (to get, aquire) distinguir (to distinguish) extinguir (to extinguish) perseguir (to pursue) proseguir (to proceed)

28. -cer Verbs • Verbs that end in a vowel + –cer change to –zco in the yo. (except hacer) ofrecer (to offer) ofrezco ofrecemos ofreces ofrecéis ofrece ofrecen

29. Other vowel + –cer Verbs aborrecer (to hate) agradecer (to thank) aparecer (to appear) crecer (to grow) conocer (to know, be familiar with) desaparecer (to disappear) establecer (to establish) merecer (to deserve) nacer (to be born) obedecer (to obey) parecer (to seem) permanecer (to remain) pertenecer (to belong) reconocer (to recognize)

30. Consonant + –cer Verbs • Verbs that end in a consonant + –cer change to –zo in the yo. vencer (to defeat) venzo vencemos vences vencéis vence vencen convencer (to convince) ejercer (to exert)

31. Vowel + -cir Verbs • Verbs that end in a vowel + -cir change to -zco in the yo. (except decir) producir (to produce) produzco producimos produces producís produce producen

32. Other vowel + -cir Verbs conducir (to drive, conduct) reducir (to reduce) traducir (to translate)

33. Present Progressive Tense • The progressive indicates an action in progress. AKA: it is going on right NOW. • Any tense of estar can be used but present and imperfect are the most common.

34. Present Progressive Tense • The following verbs can be used in place of estar to form the progressive: • These are the most common:seguir(keep on or still doing something), ir(conveys the idea of gradually or little by little), andar (implies going about), continuar(continues …), • venir (came/comes), salir (left/leaves), entrar (entered/ enteres), and llegar(arrived/arrives) imply continuation or habitual actions.

35. Present Progressive Tense:the Gerund (present participle) • The gerund is formed by adding: • -ando to the stem of –ar verbs • -iendo to the stem of –er and –ir verbs • Note: • -ar and –er stem changers don’t change. • -ir stem changers change o to uand e to i. • -er and –ir verbs with stems ending in a vowel change the i in –iendo to a y.