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Understanding Average Speed and Velocity in One-Dimensional Motion

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9 diapositives · 238 Views · Nov 11, 2014

This guide explores the concepts of average speed and average velocity in one-dimensional motion. It defines both terms, highlights their differences, and explains how to calculate each using simple formulas. Learn about displacement, distance, and the significance of the slope in displacement vs. time graphs. Through practice problems, such as the motion of a hunter and a trip to Buffalo, readers will understand how to find average speed and velocity. Additionally, we discuss instantaneous speed, relative velocity, and their applications in real-life scenarios.

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  1. Linear Motion – Average Speed Motion in One Dimension Ave. Speed vs. Ave. Velocity

  2. Displacement vs. Time Graph • is rate of change in displacement • Velocity is rate of change in displacement • Speed is rate of change in distance • Slope of 2 points, instantaneous speed • Slope of many points is Average Speed

  3. Average Speed/Velocity • Average Speed or Velocity Formula (with out slope) • is change in total distance/total time • Formula: Units: [m/s] • “v” is used for speed or velocity • “t” is the elapsed time • “d” is the distance or displacement

  4. Average Speed vs.Velocity • Problem: A hunter walks 2 meters, East then walks 3 meters, West in 10 seconds. First determine the distance and displacement. • Find the average speed • Find the average velocity

  5. Average Speed/Velocity • On a trip to buffalo you start on 81 North traveling at an average speed of 65 mph for 2 hours. You then get on the thruway and travel at an average speed of 75 mph for 4 hours. Find your average speed for the entire trip of 6 hrs. • Would your average velocity be the same?

  6. Practice Problem During a race, Sam runs 1025 m, due north, then quickly turns around and runs 25 m, south in 100s. What is Sam’s average velocity?

  7. Average Velocity • Instantaneous Speed – speed of object at a given instant of time. • You car’s speedometer, reads instantaneous speed. • If two instant speeds are known, then average speed can be calculated. • Vi is initial instant speed • Vf is final instant speed

  8. Average Velocity Problem • A car accelerates from an initial speed of 3 m/s to a final speed of 9 m/s in an elapsed time of 3 seconds. • Determine the distance traveled by the car during the 3 second acceleration time.

  9. Relative Velocity • Velocity can be compared between to moving objects. • Car A is traveling 30 mph East on a highway. • Car B passes Car A traveling 45 mph, East on the highway. • Relative to Car A, Car B is traveling 15 mph, East. • Relative to Car B, Car A is traveling 15 mph, West.