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HHS4C1 - Chapter 8. Relationship Issues and Trends - Ms. Yasin. Relationship Issues. Why do people Marry? Is it important for romantic love to be present? What happens to relationships when they are outside the societal norms?. Relationship Issues.
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HHS4C1 - Chapter 8 Relationship Issues and Trends - Ms. Yasin
Relationship Issues Why do people Marry? Is it important for romantic love to be present? What happens to relationships when they are outside the societal norms?
Relationship Issues • Divorce - The legal dissolution of a marriage • Marriages between between individuals who are from different social and cultural backgrounds are more likely to end in divorce (p.226). • Couples are not able to negotiate satisfying relationships • Conflict occurs
Problems: Violence Extra - marital relationships Betrayal of trust No respect Couples may seek help Divorce becomes the solution when no resolve is found
Relationship Issues - Intermarriage • Intermarriage or Heterogamy - Marriage between partners who are from different social, racial, ethnic, or cultural backgrounds • Interfaith marriage - When you marry a person who is not the same faith as yourself • Intermarriage is very common in Canadian society because it is a diverse society (p.229). • Children from all races are socialized and therefore become 'colour blind' - see others of different races, ethnicity and religious backgrounds as equal
Relationship Issues - Intermarriage • Intermarriage brings together two individuals who share the same contemporary culture but have different roots • Prejudices that surround race indicate that people marry outside of their own race because: • They are motivated by rebellion • There is a desire to marry 'up', to someone of a more desirable race (p. 230)
Relationship Issues - Intermarriage • When individuals have the same socio-economic backgrounds, racial differences have little impact on the aspirations and the reasons why individuals choose to marry • Couple may identify with more that one racial community • It becomes challenging to raise a bi-racial child • It reflects that both individuals reflect their own identities
Relationship Issues - Interfaith • An interfaith couple will experience problems • Partners may have the same educational, socio-economic background however their family and social experiences will differ • Couples face difficulties within their families and relationships • Couples will decide how to recognize religious holidays
Relationship Issues - Interfaith • Couples who respect each other are willing to compromise • Couples must decide if they are willing to compromise their faith • They must decide what faith identity that they want to provide to their children • Interfaith marriages are more likely to succeed if one partner is wiling to give up their faith (p. 232)
Relationship Issues - Ethnicity What is ethnicity?
Relationship Issues - Ethnicity • It is very complex • Individuals who have 2 cultures for example, Japanese Canadian • Individuals will adhere to a a specific value system, family structure and role expectations • Major variations among ethnic groups is gender roles • However this is changing due to the women who are now entering the workforce, child care, and social programs
Relationship Issues - Same - Sex Marriage • Same - Sex Marriage - A relationship between 2 people who are of the same sex • There has been an increasing acceptance of heterosexual relationships • In the past there has been a great resistance to same sex couples, but now surveys and studies show that there is a greater acceptance towards same-sex couples • However discrimination still exists against LGBTQ
Relationship Issues -Same - Sex Couples Greek Philosophy - What would Plato say?
Relationship Issues - Same - Sex Marriage • On July 20th 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize same - sex marriage • Regardless of sexual orientation psychologists and sociologist state that individuals have the same expectations as individuals who are involved in a heterosexual relationship (p. 236).
Relationship Issues - Infidelity • Infidelity - This takes place when an individual has an extra-marital affair • Evolutionary Psychologist - it is inherent in human nature to be unfaithful • Functionalist Perspective - Western societies define extra-marital sexual relationships to be unacceptable • Limiting sexual partners is beneficial to the development of health conjugal relationships
Relationship Issues - Infidelity • Functionalist's perspective - The functions of society have to be met • Adultery does not work to benefit society • Canadians do not approve of extra - marital sex • However... • when a general survey was conducted 23% of men and 12% of women said that they had an extra marital affair (p. 238).
Relationship Issues - Infidelity • Psychologists and marriage counsellors state that people have extra-marital affairs when their needs are not being met in their marriage • Research on moral development suggests that individuals act out of self-interest (p. 238-239)
Relationship Issues - Infidelity • Men- are more likely to have extra-marital relationship that is primarily sexual • Women - are more likely to seek an affair based on romance and affection (p.239, Nannini, 2000). • Men are more likely to seek younger women for extra-marital affairs • Infidelity results in divorce 65% of the time
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence • Victim of violence - A person who has been mistreated in marriage or in a common-law relationship • The ideal of marriage as an enduring romantic relationship is tarnished by the fact that marriage can be dangerous, especially for women • Spousal Violence - physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, economic
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence What does violence look like to you?
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence • Violence - any action that is intended to physically hurt someone • Domestic Violence - A pattern of behavior that is intended to hurt someone • Until the mid - twentieth century it was assumed a private matter • Police could only lay charges if they had witnessed the abuse • Violence within intimate relationships is now defined as assault • Police are required to respond to domestic calls and lay charges wherever there is evidence of assault
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence • The Intergenerational Cycle of Violence - describes that individuals who have experienced violence or abuse as a child, are more likely to become either victims or perpetrators of violence in their intimate relationships (p. 244). • Social theorist suggest that carrying out violence is a learned behavior and can essentially be unlearned • Victims and perpetrators can learn more effective ways of dealing with anger and and resolving conflict to break the cycle
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence Risk factors: Unemployment personal bankruptcy a drop in wage salary taking an additional job to make sure that ends meet child support payments A move to less - expensive accommodations loss of income career set-backs some other negative change in economic circumstances
Relationship Issues - Spousal Violence • What happens after the cycle of violence is broken? • 2 additional stages might occur after this • Terror - Some women stay in their relationships because of their lives or the lives of their children • Homicide- in some cases the victims are killed by the perpetrator • In Canada there are social and legal systems that provide support for victims of domestic violence
Relationship Issues - Divorce • Divorce results in the failure of a marriage to meet the expectations of one or both marriage partners • The divorce rate is increasing (refer to table on p.250) • Divorce was rare in the early 20th century • The development of romantic love and the changing role of women altered the criteria with which partners assessed their satisfaction with their relationship (p.251). • The Divorce Act 1985 (Read section on p. 251)
Relationship Issues - Divorce • The Social Exchange Perspective - When the costs of the relationship become to high and the alternatives become more attractive then individuals will choose to divorce • The adjustment for divorce occurs on 2 levels • Emotional Level • Practical Level
Relationship Issues - Divorce • The decision for divorce occurs in a 3 phase process: • Awareness Phase - One individual decides to initiate divorce • Separation Phase - The couple plan to break - up • Reorganization Phase - Individuals establish separate lives and negotiate their new parental roles if they have children