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Ch 8 Revolutionary War

Ch 8 Revolutionary War. April 1775 (fighting started at Lexington and Concord) 2 nd Continental Congress (Philly) May 10, 1775 (all 13 colonies) *still NO major plan for independence Created ways to fund better army,navy Selects GW as leader of Army

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Ch 8 Revolutionary War

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  1. Ch 8 Revolutionary War

  2. April 1775 (fighting started at Lexington and Concord) 2nd Continental Congress (Philly) May 10, 1775 (all 13 colonies) *still NO major plan for independence Created ways to fund better army,navy Selects GW as leader of Army Minute Men doing well, winning at Crown Point and Ticonderoga (Benedict Arnold)

  3. Breed’s Hill (Bunker Hill) Outnumbered 3,000 to 1,500 Americans dug in the high ground and won MORAL victory (retreated b/c of gunpowder) *Olive Branch Petition issued by Congress American loyalty to crown and begged King to prevent further hostilities George III said NO! Aug. 1775, George said colonies are in rebellion (Treason)

  4. George III increased Hessians to Colonies *many now deserting for land Oct. 1775 British now burning cities, etc. Maine, Virginia Rebels lead a 2-prong attack on Canada Offensive strategy @ British Gen. Richard Montgomery/Gen. Benedict Arnold (Montreal/Quebec) Jan. 1776 Virginia is on fire American’s views toward loyalty are changing

  5. Common Sense *Thomas Paine (radical) Complained the actions of colonists were contrary to common sense *never had a small island ruled a bigger nation…Why now??? Called for now political society “Republic” *power flowed from people, ALL govt. positions chosen by popular consent **very popular in colonies

  6. Americans considered citizen virtue fundamental, need to sacrifice for good of public Philadelphia June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee “colonies are and ought to be free and independent” This declaration became formal on July 2, 1776 Thomas Jefferson led group to create Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776

  7. Loyalists/Patriots/Red Coats War continues… July 1776, NY 1776 500 British ships and 35,000 troops GW had 18,000 (dangerously outnumbered) GW was routed at Battle of Long Island, forced to retreat, British followed him With GW almost finished, secretly crossed the icy Delaware River

  8. Dec. 26, 1776 Trenton, NJ GW surprised 1000 Hessians sleeping of Christmas Went on to win at Princeton *successful New Jersey Campaign were two lifesaving victories **Turning point of American Revolution GW at his military best

  9. British Gen. Burgoyne Plan to split New Eng. from other colonies by taking Hudson River (Gen. Howe and Col. Barry St. Leger) Arnold tried to fight w/ small group of boats, held the British up until winter, forced British to go back to Canada and regroup, **saved Ticonderoga

  10. Burgoyne started w/ 7,000 troops, moved slowly, lots of heavy baggage, women, chopping path through woods *Americans grew at the flanks Howe wanted GW, went to Philly rather than go to help Burgoyne GW lost twice (Brandywine Creek/Germantown) Howe stayed in Philly (live it up), GW went to Valley Forge

  11. Baron von Steuben (Hessian training GW’s men) Burgoyne forced to surrender Oct 17, 1777 to Gen. Horatio Gates (Saratoga) *victory revived colonial cause, made it possible to get aid from France

  12. French offered a treaty of alliance w/ same measures as British did, only offered independence By 1778 Eng/France began fighting, slowly others joined Pg 156 Spain, Holland, Ireland, Russia Britain now worried (World War), too much to handle Had to change strategy GW led attacks in NJ, hurting British By 1780, 6000 French arrived in Rhode Island Comte de Rochambeau Benedict Arnold now became a traitor, $6300 and officer’s role to sell out West Point

  13. *Southern Campaign Turn loyalists against south, use fierce tactics Gen. Nathaniel Greene and Francis Marion (Swamp Fox) King’s Mountain, Cowpens American Navy was born, became successful taking out British merchant ships *Privateers

  14. Yorktown and the End: 1780-81 America was almost bankrupt Cornwallis found his way to Yorktown to wait for supplies and assumed he could win w/ Navy French Navy arrived, GW and Rochambeau arrived, SURROUNDED Oct 19, 1781 surrendered

  15. Peace negotiations began Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay *no separate peace and consult w/ French French/Spain Jay made concessions w/ Britain Treaty of Paris 1783 • British formally recognized U.S. (independent) • Granted generous boundaries, • Kept fisheries in NewFoundland • Loyalists not persecuted, keep property • Debts to British will be paid *French approved as well

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