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Native American Cultures

Native American Cultures. Chapter Two, Section Two. Setting the Scene. Who discovered the Americas? When were the Americas discovered? Where did this explorer think he was? What did he called the people he saw upon his arrival? How many groups of these people existed?.

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Native American Cultures

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  1. Native American Cultures Chapter Two, Section Two

  2. Setting the Scene • Who discovered the Americas? • When were the Americas discovered? • Where did this explorer think he was? • What did he called the people he saw upon his arrival? • How many groups of these people existed?

  3. Culture Areas of North America • What is culture area? • A region in which people share a similar way of life. • What is a tribe? • A community of people who share common customs, language, and rituals.

  4. Hunting, Gathering, and Fishing • What were some of the methods used by the Indians? • Some: • Hunted animals and gathered nuts and fruits. • Others depended on the sea for food. • They made boats fished or hunted seals, walrus and whales.

  5. Farming • Many tribes farmed: • Corn, Beans, and Squash • These tribes farmed anywhere from California to the Eastern Woodlands • Did the Indians change any of the foods they farmed? Any ideas how?

  6. Trade • Did the Indian tribes trade with one another? • Yes • How far? Was it close? • Yes, over 1,000 miles. • Where did they meet? • Near the Dalles on the Columbia River. • What did they trade? • Dried Salmon for other goods like fish oil, whalebone.

  7. Climate, Resources, and Culture • How did climate and natural resources influence Indians? • Clothes, shelter, crops • Nomadic- tribes of people that move often once they have used all the resources of the land.

  8. Cultures of the Far North Regions • Who lived in this area? • Inuits • What did the Inuits do? • In the summer they collected driftwood by the sea and built shelter and tools. • What were their homes called? • Pit Houses • What their clothes made of? • Furs and waterproof boots of seals skins.

  9. Cultures of the Plateau Regions • Who lived in this area? • Utes and Shoshones • What did they do? • They collected pined nuts and dug out roots. • They hunted sheep and rabbits

  10. Cultures of the Northwest • Was it better in this region? Why? • What was gathered? • Fish from the sea, cedar trees to make homes and canoes. • Were they Nomadic people? • How did the families compete? • Potlatch dinner to show off the families wealth. The invited guest brought gifts- the more gifts the more respect they received. Those who got gifts were expected to hold a potlatch also.

  11. Cultures of the Southeast • Who lived in this area? • Natchez • What did they do? • They hunted, fished, and farmed along the Gulf of Mexico. • How many months were in their calendar? • 13 months named after a food or an animal like… • What was the name of the ruler? • Great Sun and was worshipped like a God.

  12. Cultures of the Southeast • Describe Great Sun. • He never touched the floor. He was carried or walked on mats. • His family members were called Little Suns. • Next, came Nobles, then Honored People, and Stinkards or commoners (most people).

  13. Cultures of the Southeast • Describe marriage. • There were marriage laws. • Nobles had to marry Stinkards. Great Sun’s wife was a Stinkard.

  14. Shared Beliefs • Respect for Nature: • They believed that they must adapt their ways to the natural world in order to survive and prosper. • They also believed that the world was full of powerful, unseen forces and spirits.They honored those spirits, which were thought to act and feel like humans.

  15. Shared Beliefs • Special Ceremonies: • Kachinas • Dance • Prayers • Gifts • Feasts

  16. The Iroquois Confederacy • Where were the Iroquois from? • Eastern Woodlands (New York) • What did they call themselves? • The People of the Long House • What were they homes called? • Long houses- 150 feet long and 20 feet wide. 12 or more families lived together.

  17. The Iroquois Confederacy • Who held a special place in Iroquois society? • WOMEN!!! • What could they do? • They owned all the household property. They were in charge of planting and harvesting. • When a man married he would move into his wife’s family home. • They had political power- they chose clan leaders and they could remove the leader as well.

  18. The Iroquois Confederacy • How many nations were included in the Iroquois Confederacy? • 5 • What were they? • Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga. • Did they always get along? • No. It was no until 1570 that they made an alliance to stop their wars. • What is Sachems? • Council of 50 chosen tribal leaders.

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