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Prehistoric Native American Cultures

Prehistoric Native American Cultures. Read “The First Indians” and answer the questions below:. How long have people occupied land along the Lumbee River? What were the earliest Indians called? What did Paleo-Indians eat? How did Paleo-Indians get the materials to make their tools?

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Prehistoric Native American Cultures

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  1. Prehistoric Native American Cultures

  2. Read “The First Indians” and answer the questions below: • How long have people occupied land along the Lumbee River? • What were the earliest Indians called? • What did Paleo-Indians eat? • How did Paleo-Indians get the materials to make their tools? • What is a nomad?

  3. Read “The First Indians” and answer the questions below: • How long have people occupied land along the Lumbee River? • 14,000 years • What were the earliest Indians called? • Paleo-Indians • What did Paleo-Indians eat? • Large & small animals; anything they could collect • How did Paleo-Indians get the materials to make their tools? • Had to get stones from the Piedmont or traded • What is a nomad? • People move from place to place frequently, usually following the hunt

  4. Read “Indian Culture Changed” and answer the questions below: • Why did the Paleo-Indian period come to an end? • What was the second period of prehistory called? • Define semi-sedentary. • Name some of the tools of the Archaic period. • What was the most amazing tool of the Archaic period? What did this tool do?

  5. Read “Indian Culture Changed” and answer the questions below: • Why did the Paleo-Indian period come to an end? • What was the second period of prehistory called? • Define semi-sedentary. • Name some of the tools of the Archaic period. • What was the most amazing tool of the Archaic period? What did this tool do?

  6. Read “Indians Became Farmers” and answer the questions below: • What caused the end of the Archaic period? • What was the third period of prehistory called? • What caused the change in prehistoric periods? • What two other important inventions occurred during this period? • How many Woodland-type villages probably existed in Robeson County?

  7. Read “Indians Became Farmers” and answer the questions below: • What caused the end of the Archaic period? • What was the third period of prehistory called? • What caused the change in prehistoric periods? • What two other important inventions occurred during this period? • How many Woodland-type villages probably existed in Robeson County?

  8. Read “An Indian Influence From The South” and answer the questions below: • Where did Mississippians cultures live? • What types of activities took place in Mississippian ceremonial centers? • Define egalitarian. • Were Mississippian people egalitarian? Explain.

  9. Starter: February 14 (Happy Day) Using your notes on Prehistory: • Write a ONE description of EACH prehistoric period on each post-it note you were given(1st post-it, write one description of the Paleo-Indian period; 2nd post-it write one description of the Archaic period; 3rd post-it write one description of the Woodland times.) • DO NOT write the name of the period on the card • Write your name of the back of the post-in notes

  10. Terms to know • Culture • Agriculture • Ceramics • Aesthetic • Egalitarian • Chiefdoms • State • Prehistory • Kinship • Extended Family • Nomads • Technology • Projectile Points

  11. What is PREHISTORY? • History before there was written language • There was history before it was written down, but some societies just didn’t write • Native American societies were oral and have always been aware of their history, even without writing it down.

  12. Three Phases of Prehistory in North Carolina • Paleo-Indian Period • Archaic Period • Woodland Times (includes the Mississippian Culture)

  13. Bering Strait Theory • During the last Ice Age (25,000-35,000 years ago) people began populating North America, coming across the Bering Strait from Asia • Around 14,000 years ago, North America was fully populated by people

  14. How do we know about the people that lived before history was recorded?

  15. Various levels of social organization among prehistoric Native Americans Bands (20-35 people) Tribes (several bands) Chiefdoms (100-300 people) States (thousands of people)

  16. Paleo-Indian Period (14,000-12,000 Years Ago) Family • People lived in bands (20-35 people), with 2 or 3 extended families • Natural leadership developed • The social structure was based on kinship and skills

  17. Paleo-Indian Period Way of Life • Nomads who moved with the hunt (mostly ate meat and hunted big game) • The archeological sites left by these people are few with few deposits, probably because they were nomads • In North Carolina, at least one Paleo-Indian site has been found in every county

  18. Paleo-Indian Period Technology • Only stone material is found from this period • They had some of the finest tools in prehistory • Projectile points are most of what is found (tips of spears, darts, lances, etc.)

  19. Projectile Points & Arrow Heads Projectile points were created before arrow heads. Arrow heads were not invented until around 4000 years ago What are the differences?

  20. Projectile Points and Arrowheads of North Carolina

  21. The end of the Ice Age causes changes • Global warming occurs between 12,000 & 10,000 years ago (it took about 2000 years) • It causes forests to change, thus food sources change • Something else key happens…. Culture evolves

  22. Archaic Period(10,000-4,000 years ago) Family • Bands got larger, containing 50-75 people • Tribes began to evolve consisting of closely related bands of people tied together by kinship

  23. Archaic Period (10,000-4,000 years ago) Way of Life • The archeological sites found from this period are larger • The people are semi-sedentary, not moving as much (they move with the seasons rather than the hunt) • They are still hunter-gatherers (nuts, berries, plant material)

  24. Archaic Period Technology People begin making tools, to make other tools. They create more diverse and advanced tools such as: • Grinding stones • Dishes • Stone net sinkers • Fish hooks • Awls (engraving tool) • Drills • Scrapers • Atlatl (Spear thrower)

  25. Describe the cultures of the people of the early prehistoric America.

  26. North Carolina Archeological Sites

  27. After the Paleo-Indian and Archaic Periods, culture begins to evolve on its own, and is not influenced by climactic changes, as before during times of global warming. Three inventions drastically change life for Native Americans.

  28. Woodland Times(4000- 250 years ago) Marked by three inventions: • Agriculture • Ceramics • Bow & Arrow

  29. Agriculture • No more hunting and gathering • People begin to live in one place and stop moving • Cultures become more complex when people aren’t moving as much (music, art, religion, government, social structure) • Involves knowledge of your environment • Mostly women were the farmers

  30. Ceramics • The development of ceramics allowed people to become sedentary • Ceramics were used as storage • Ceramics were used to transport goods • They were crafted mostly by women • They eventually become aesthetic (appreciated for its beauty)

  31. Bows & Arrows • Bows and arrows were created around 4000 years ago • They were used to hunt small game • They were also used in fighting

  32. Woodland Times (4000-250 years ago) Villages • People lived in permanent villages of about 100-300 people • They were farmers • They lived in egalitarian organizations

  33. Woodland Times The Chiefdom • Organized into tribes and chiefdoms • Within tribes, there were clans which were ranked to create a social order

  34. Woodland Times Ways of Life • Some Woodland people buried their dead in burial mounds • They began to decorate more- polished and stamped pottery, polished stone tools, and used bones, copper, and shells and ornaments

  35. Mississippian Culture (1500-1100 years ago) During the Woodland Times, a unique culture arises, known as the Mississippian Culture.

  36. Create a “stickman” of a person from the Woodland Times Head: Thoughts/ Dreams Eyes: Saw/ Visions Heart: Feelings/Desires Hands: Actions/ Accomplishments Feet: Travels • Remember: • Don’t repeat • Use your imagination!

  37. Mississippian Culture Towns • Large populated towns with ceremonial centers • Surrounding the ceremonial centers were villages

  38. Mississippian Culture The State • The society of Mississippian cultures was very structured, in order to build the mounds and ceremonial centers • People had to carry basketload of dirt to create the mounds • These societies were states (nations)

  39. Mississippian Culture Truncated Mounds • The ceremonial centers were truncated mounds (mounds with the tops cut off) • The purpose of the mound was to provide a place for ceremonial activities • Occasionally people were buried there Click here to take a virtual field trip of Town Creek Indian Mound in Mt. Gilead, NC.

  40. BINGO • Aesthetic • Bow & arrow • Mississippian culture • Ceremonial center • Trunicated mound • Indigenous • Technology • Oral • Women • Big game • Town Creek Indian Mound • FREE SPACE • Prehistory • Paleo-Indian Period • Bands • Extended family • Ice Age • Nomads • Archaic Period • Semi-sedentary • Projectile points • Atlatl • Woodland period • Ceramics • Agriculture

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