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Managing Fever, Shock, and Pain: Symptoms and Treatments

Learn about the clinical manifestations, causes, and treatments for fever, shock, and pain, including relevant syndromes and comprehensive therapies for relief and management.

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Managing Fever, Shock, and Pain: Symptoms and Treatments

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 3 General Symptoms of the Body • Fever • Shock • Pain

  2. Fever • An increased temperature by the body to destroy invading pathogens. • Life is protein-dependent, soooo……. • Denature them.

  3. Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies of Fever • Infections • Viral, bacterial, fungal, rickettsial • FUO – Fever of Undetermined origin • CNS – CVA, Head injuries • Neoplasms – tumors • Cardiovascular – MI, Bacterial Endocarditis, CHF, Tachycardias

  4. Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies of Fever • Physical Agents • Heat Stroke, Radiation, Surgery • Chemical Agents • Drugs, Anesthesia, Anaphylaxis • Psychogenic • Fluid Imbalances

  5. Fever Treatments • Remove Root Cause • Sometimes Difficult • Increased fluid intake • Alcohol sponging • Cold Baths/Ice Baths • Antipyretic Drugs (Aspirin, Acetaminophen) • Prostaglandin inhibition (hypothalamus)

  6. Shock • Low blood perfusion through vessels. • Thus, tissue delivery is low. • Any change in flow, distribution, reduction in blood flow will cause shock.

  7. Shock Signs and Symptoms • Ashen pallor • Cold, Moist Skin • Rapid Pulse • Thirst • Decreased Urine Output • Acidosis

  8. Shock Syndromes • Neurogenic Shock: Psychogenic, Fainting, Syncope • Pain, trauma, unpleasant sights • “Faint at the sight of blood” • Hypovolemic: Loss of blood volume • Large wounds, progressive dehydration • Sepsis: Shock due to infection

  9. Shock Syndromes • Cardiogenic – MI, Tachycardias • Metabolic • Fluid alteration/Electrolyte imbalance • Uremia (First Azotemia) • Kidney Failure • Uremia take a long time to develop. • Azotemia is measurable, without symptoms. • Allergic - Anaphylaxis

  10. Shock Treatment • Position head lower than feet • Warmth (cover up) • Maintain Airway (esp. in anaphylaxis) • Pain Killers • Fluids • Vassopressor Drugs – Bring up BP • Diuretics (for urine increase)

  11. What do YOU do? • Position head • Warmth • No administration of fluids without trained first aiders, doctors, medical professionals.

  12. Pain • “Discomfort” • Subjective Experience • Nociception • Stimulation of neural pathways that causes pain to be sensed. • Treatment: Painkillers – narcotic or non-narcotic

  13. http://www.painclinic.uk.com/multidisiplinary.htm • Physical – osteopathy, physiotherapy, chiropractic • Meds • Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxers, steroid injections (joints or muscles). • Nerve Blocks • Drug combo. At spinal column (painkillers, steroids). Long acting. • Joint injections • Spine, shoulders, hip

  14. Radiofrequency Treatments • Needle carries electric pulse to destroy sensory nerves to an area (Spine, neck, back). • Pulsed radiofrequency • Similar procedure as Radiofrequency. • “Stuns” nerve – no permanent damage. • Stimulation Therapy • TENS (Trans-Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation) • Acupuncture • Psychological/Pain management program • Relaxation, Information, Education, Phys. Therapy, Reconditioning.

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