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Digestive System

This comprehensive overview of the digestive system explores its anatomy, including the layers of the digestive tract—mucosa, submucosa, muscularis extern, and serosa. It outlines the mechanisms of food movement such as peristalsis and segmentation, linking it to neural and hormonal control. Key structures including the oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and large intestine are described. Understanding these components provides insight into their functions and processes, essential for digestion and nutrient absorption.

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Digestive System

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Digestive System Chapter 24

  2. Functions

  3. Layers 1. Mucosa – lamina propria – 2. Submucosa – CT w/ bl vess. and nerves

  4. Layers 3. Muscularis externa– circ/long layers of smooth muscle 4. Serosa

  5. Movement • Peristalsis – controlled by muscularis externa • Waves of contractions - move bolus along length of tract • Segmentation – small/large intestines

  6. Control • Neural Mechanisms • Hormonal • Local

  7. Peritoneum • Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity • Supports organs • Allows passage for bl. vess, nerves, etc • 2 layers • Visceral – covers organs • Parietal – lines cavity, lubricates • Layers connected by mesenteries

  8. Oral Cavity Mouth 1. Tongue • Frenulum 2. Uvula

  9. Oral Cavity Salivary Glands – exocrine glands w/ ducts, secrete amylase 1. Sublingal 2. Submandibular 3. Parotid

  10. Oral Cavity Teeth • Crown • Neck • Root Composition: • Enamel • Dentin • Pulp - CT

  11. Oral Cavity Teeth – mammals = 2 sets • Baby, deciduous milk • 20 teeth • Permanent • 32

  12. Pharynx • Passage for food, liquid, air • st. sq ET

  13. Esophagus • Collapsible • ~12” long • Esophageal hiatus

  14. Stomach • Hollow • 3 layers of muscles • Rugae – • 3 functions: • Churns/liquefies food – chyme • Lining • Mucosa – secrete alkaline mucus • Parietal cells – HCl • Chief cells – pepsinogen • G cells – gastrin

  15. Small Intestine • Digestion/absorption • Begins - • Ends - • Villi - • secretes – • 3 sections: • Duodenum • Jejunum – most absorption • Ileum

  16. Pancreas • Retroperitoneal • Exocrine gland • Pancreatic juice - duodenum

  17. Liver • Largest visceral organ • Secretes bile • Collects blood from intestines

  18. Large Intestine • Colon • Large lumen • Functions • Sections • Ascending • Transverse • Descending • Sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  19. Colonoscopy Video

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