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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: Development of the Cold War Section 2: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Section 3: Western Europe and North America Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. How can a nation defend itself in the nuclear age?

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:Development of the Cold War Section 2:The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Section 3:Western Europe and North America Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. How can a nation defend itself in the nuclear age? Cold War tensions due to the arms race and the Cuban missile crisis made Americans feel vulnerable to nuclear attack. Families built bomb shelters and children practiced “duck-and-cover” at school, as shown in the photo. In this chapter you will learn how political tensions between countries can pose a real threat of disaster. • Why was the Cuban missile crisis such a threat to the United States? • How does terrorism pose a threat today? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Intro

  5. Chapter Intro

  6. Development of the Cold War What differences between the Soviet Union and the United States led to the conflict known as the Cold War? Chapter Intro 1

  7. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe How does a totalitarian government differ from a democratic system? Chapter Intro 2

  8. Western Europe and North America Why did World War II leave society open to change? Chapter Intro 3

  9. Chapter Preview-End

  10. The BIG Idea Competition Among CountriesA period of conflict known as the Cold War developed between the United States and the Soviet Union after 1945, dividing Europe. Section 1-Main Idea

  11. Content Vocabulary satellite states policy of containment arms race deterrence domino theory Academic Vocabulary liberated nuclear Section 1-Key Terms

  12. People, Places, and Events Truman Doctrine Dean Acheson Marshall Plan Berlin Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic NATO Warsaw Pact SEATO CENTO Nikita Khrushchev Section 1-Key Terms

  13. A B Should strong countries use their power to influence the politics of other nations? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  14. Confrontation of the Superpowers After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union became fierce rivals. Section 1

  15. Confrontation of the Superpowers (cont.) In 1949, the United States and its European allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The United States wanted the newly freed countries of Eastern Europe to hold free elections, hoping they would establish democratic governments. In 1955, the Soviet Union and its European allies formed the Warsaw Pact. Section 1

  16. Confrontation of the Superpowers (cont.) The Soviet Union opposed the West’s plans, fearing they would become anti-Communist, and kept forces in the newly liberated countries. U.S. President Harry S. Truman issued the Truman Doctrine to persuade Greece, Turkey, and other nations threatened by Communist expansion to choose democratic forms of government. Balance of Power After World War II Section 1

  17. Confrontation of the Superpowers (cont.) U.S. secretary of state Dean Acheson explained that the corruption of Greece would likely spread to the nearby countries. The Marshall Plan was created to prevent the spread of communism by providing $13 billion to rebuild war-torn Europe. The Eastern European satellite states refused to participate. Section 1

  18. Confrontation of the Superpowers (cont.) The U.S. adopted a policy of containment to prevent further Soviet aggressive moves. Berlin and the rest of Germany were divided into four zones, each occupied by one of the Alliesthe United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France. In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was formally created in West Germany. The German Democratic Republic was set up in East Germany by the Soviets. Section 1

  19. A B C D How did the Western powers get food and supplies to West Berlin despite the Soviet blockade? A.They airlifted the supplies. B.They used a water route. C.They created the Berlin Trail. D.They used tunnels left over from the war. Section 1

  20. The Cold War Spreads As Cold War tensions increased, nations were forced to choose to support the Soviet Union or the United States. Section 1

  21. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) Cold War tensions increased when China fell to communism and the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb. Both sides began stockpiling weapons and building up their armies, resulting in an arms race. Divided Germany and the Berlin Airlift Section 1

  22. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) The belief was that nuclear weapons were a form of deterrence because neither side would launch a nuclear attack knowing the other side would be able to strike back. In another attempt to prevent war and provide mutual support, military alliances were formed throughout the world. Section 1

  23. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) • Formed in April 1949 • Included the United States, Canada, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, West Germany, Greece, and Turkey Major Developments In The Cold War, 1947–1973 Section 1

  24. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) Warsaw Pact • Formed in 1955 • Included the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania Section 1

  25. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) • Formed in 1954 to prevent Soviet aggression in the East • Included the United States, Great Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand Section 1

  26. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) • Formed in 1959 to prevent Soviet expansion in the South • Included Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain, and the United States Section 1

  27. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) In order to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin, Nikita Khrushchev ordered a wall to be built to divide the city. Fidel Castro set up a Soviet-supported socialist regime in Cuba. U.S. President John F. Kennedy authorized the unsuccessful CIA plan to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. Section 1

  28. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) During the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, the United States blockaded a fleet of Soviet ships carrying nuclear missiles to Cuba. The threat of nuclear war was averted when the Soviets turned back their fleet and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba. The United States became involved in the Vietnam War to prevent the Communist regime of North Vietnam from invading and gaining control of South Vietnam. Section 1

  29. The Cold War Spreads (cont.) U.S. policy makers believed that if one country fell to communism, the surrounding countries would also fall. This became known as the domino theory. Vietnam helped show the limitations of the United States and resulted in a new era of American-Soviet relations. Section 1

  30. A B C D Which U.S. president finally withdrew American forces from the Vietnam War? A.John F. Kennedy B.Richard Nixon C.Harry S. Truman D.Lyndon B. Johnson Section 1

  31. Section 1-End

  32. The BIG Idea Self-DeterminationThe Soviet Union faced revolts and protests in its attempt to gain and maintain control over Eastern Europe. Section 2-Main Idea

  33. Content Vocabulary heavy industry de-Stalinization Academic Vocabulary enhanced sole Section 2-Key Terms

  34. People and Places Soviet Union Alexander Solzhenitsyn Albania Yugoslavia Tito Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia Imre Nagy Aleksandr Dubček Section 2-Key Terms

  35. A B People’s lives are affected when there is a shift in government leadership. A. Agree B. Disagree Section 2-Polling Question

  36. Postwar Soviet Leaders The Soviet Union recovered rapidly after World War II, but it could not maintain high levels of industrial production. Section 2

  37. Postwar Soviet Leaders (cont.) After World War II, the Soviet Union experienced a rapid recovery by focusing on heavy industry rather than consumer goods. Stalin’s harsh rule, political terror, and anti-intellectual campaign came to an end with his death on March 5, 1953. Comparison Of Market And Command Economies Section 2

  38. Postwar Soviet Leaders (cont.) In order to undo some of Stalin’s worst policies, Nikita Khrushchev implemented de-Stalinization. Khrushchev loosened control over literary and artistic works. Aleksander Solzhenitsyn published a grim novel based on life in a Siberian labor camp. Section 2

  39. Postwar Soviet Leaders (cont.) Khrushchev’s policy of increasing consumer goods, military spending, and agricultural output were unsuccessful and hurt the Soviet economy. Khrushchev’s foreign policy failures damaged his reputation and resulted in his dismissal from office. Section 2

  40. A B C D What was the “final straw” that led to the removal of Khrushchev from office? A.His plan to place missiles in Cuba failed. B.He repressed all literary works. C.His plan for agriculture failed. D.His military spending hurt the economy. Section 2

  41. Eastern Europe After World War II, Soviet control of Eastern Europe became firmly entrenched. Section 2

  42. Eastern Europe (cont.) Soviet-controlled Communist governments were implemented in East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Albania and Yugoslavia both had Communist parties that resisted Soviet control. Josip Broz, known as Tito, instituted a collectivized plan in Yugoslavia that mirrored Stalin’s example. Section 2

  43. Eastern Europe (cont.) Even after Stalin’s death, the Soviet Union made it clear to satellite nations such as Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, that it would not allow them to become independent. Protests began to erupt throughout Eastern Europe. The Soviet Army attacked Budapest when Imre Nagy, the Hungarian leader, declared Hungary a free nation. Section 2

  44. Eastern Europe (cont.) The Soviet army crushed a short-lived reform in Czechoslovakia when Aleksandr Dubček proposed reforms such as free speech and relaxed censorship. Section 2

  45. A B C D Which of the following nations was able to avoid becoming a Soviet satellite state? A.Poland B.Romania C.Yugoslavia D.Bulgaria Section 2

  46. Section 2-End

  47. The BIG Idea Ideas, Beliefs, and ValuesPost-World War II societies rebuilt their economies and communities, but not without upheaval and change. Section 3-Main Idea

  48. Content Vocabulary welfare state bloc real wages civil rights movement consumer society women’s liberation movement Academic Vocabulary recovery minimal Section 3-Key Terms

  49. People and Places France Charles de Gaulle Christian Democratic Union West Germany European Economic Community (EEC) John F. Kennedy Martin Luther King, Jr. Simone de Beauvoir Section 3-Key Terms

  50. A B Do you think demonstrations and protest marches are effective in changing public opinion? A. Yes B. No Section 3-Polling Question

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