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Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars

Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars. Daniel Snyder Yernur Suleimenov Danny Torres Kyle Tress Nicholas Ward. What’s The Issue?. Global climate change, as it relates to CO2 emissions, is a large problem with respect to the human lifestyle

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Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars

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  1. Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars Daniel Snyder YernurSuleimenov Danny Torres Kyle Tress Nicholas Ward

  2. What’s The Issue? • Global climate change, as it relates to CO2 emissions, is a large problem with respect to the human lifestyle • Carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase as time progresses due mostly to combustion sources

  3. Figure 1: CO2 concentration measured at the observatory in Mauna Loa, Hawaii Data source: NOAA (2012)

  4. Assumptions • Models analyzed: Ford Fusion, and Ford Fusion Hybrid • Preponderantly city driving • Avg American city commuter travels 29 miles • 29 mpg conventional car • 47 mpg hybrid car equivalent • 2,778 kWh/gas vehicle (Ford Corporations) • 6 years (average time Americans owns a car) • Bituminous coal (American Coal Foundation) • HHV = 13,000 BTU/lb • 300,000 Ford conventional cars produced/year • 14 lb CO2/gal of gas • 40% more energy to produce a hybrid than to produce a conventional gasoline car • Regenerative braking recovers 15% of the power • For simplicity, only power plant manufacturing and exhaust gases from just cars were taken into account

  5. Conventional Gas Cars Driving Emissions Calculations • Energy Used to produce 1 gas car = 2,778 kWh/vehicle = 9,478,942 Btu/vehicle • 29 mi/day * 365 day/year * 14 lb/gal / (22 mi/gal) * 300,000 cars/year / (2.2 lb/kg) = 916,420,432 kg C/year

  6. Power Plant Calculations for Gas Cars • Given the ultimate analysis on dry ash-free basis of bituminous coal (most common coal in the US): • 0.828 lb C/lb coal * 729.15 lb coal/gas vehicle / (12 lb C/lbmol) = 50.31 lb-moles C/gas car = 50.31 lb-moles CO2/gas car • 50.31 lbmol C/gas car * 12 lb/lbmol * .4535 kg/lb = 273.8 kg C/gas car • 273.8 kg C/car * 300,000 car/year = 82,138,237.12 kg C/year • Total Carbon (including Driving & Regenerative Brakes): • (82138237.12 + 916420432 kg C/year)/1000 kg/ton = 998,558.7 total metric tons C/year

  7. Hybrid Calculations • Energy required for hybrid vehicle = 3889.2 kWh/year • 13,270,518 BTU/car • 3.65*10^8 kg C/year (driving) • 70.44 lb-mol CO2/hybrid car • 383.31 kg C/hybrid car • 114,993,532 kg C/year (power plant) • 479611.87 metric tons C/year • Carbon Saved by switching to hybrids = 518946.80 metric tons C/year

  8. Economics/Maintenance Costs • MSRP values for each: • Conventional: ~$23,700 • Hybrid: ~$27,200 • Additional Owner Costs • Costs associated are based on average maintenance over the 6-year average owning life span

  9. Cost to own a 2013 Ford Fusion • Cost to Own your Ford Fusion for 5 years • (Initial cost of car+ cost of car per year)/(miles per year* number of years) • ($23,700+ $34,056)/(10,000 miles* 5 year)= $1.16 per mile

  10. Cost to own a 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid SE Cost to Own your Ford Fusion for 5 years (Initial cost of car+ cost of car per year)/(miles per year* number of years) • ($27,200+ $37,176)/(10,000 miles* 5 year)=$1.28 per mile

  11. Breakdown of what it will cost to own the car for 6 years • Ford Fusion SE • Cost per mile average • $1.16 per mile • Miles per year • 10,000 miles • Number of year • 6 years • $1.16*10,000 miles* 6 years • $69,600 • Ford Fusion Hybrid SE • Cost per mile average • $1.28 per mile • Miles per year • 10,000 • Number of year • 6 years • $1.28*10,000miles*6 years • $76,800

  12. Stabwedge • 1 stab wedge = 1 billion tons C/year • Ford Fusion SE • 998,558,668.9 Kg C per Year for 300,000 cars • Ford Fusion SE Hybrid • 479,611,874Kg C per year for 300,000 cars • Amount saved per year by using the Ford Fusion SE Hybrid over the Ford Fusion SE • 998,558,668.9 Kg C – 479,611,874 Kg C = 518,946,794.9 Kg C saved per year • Stab wedge • 1 billion tons in 1 wedge = 1,814,369,480,000 kg in 1 wedge • 1,814,369,480,000 kg C / 518,946,794.9 Kg C per year • = 3496.25 yearsto reduce one stab wedge

  13. Conclusions • Even though production energy for hybrid vehicles is higher, the overall carbon emissions are lower than conventional gas-powered cars. • Higher costs are associated with the hybrid car than with the conventional gas car. • In order for hybrid technology to take root, the cars ought to decrease in price while further promoting environmental sustainability. • With respect to the stab wedge, switching to hybrid isn’t the most feasible alternative despite advocating environmentally friendly solutions.

  14. References • http://corporate.ford.com/doc/sr11.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermosillo_Stamping_%26_Assembly • http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2012/02/21/americans-are-keeping-their-cars-longer-study-shows/ • http://www.bts.gov/programs/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.html • http://www.ket.org/trips/coal/agsmm/agsmmtypes.html • http://www.stewartmarion.com/carbon-footprint/html/carbon-footprint-car.html • http://www.ford.com/cars/fusion/ • http://coalgeology.com/coal-classification-and-analysis-coal-rank-classification-by-heat-value/8603/ • http://autos.yahoo.com/ford/fusion/2012/se/cost.html;_ylt=AkJ_O_aXypnCF7WhDQnJ_1TWYN1_;_ylv=3?zip&drive-mile=10&drive-year=A#yat-tco-summary • http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060408/news_lz1dd8takes.html

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