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Women in Public Life. Chapter 17 Section 2. Terms and Names. Maria Mitchell NACW suffrage Susan B. Anthony NAWSA. Women in the Work Force. Farmwomen Domestic Workers Women in Industry. Farmwomen. Farms in the South and Midwest
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Women in Public Life Chapter 17 Section 2
Terms and Names Maria Mitchell NACW suffrage Susan B. Anthony NAWSA
Women in the Work Force Farmwomen Domestic Workers Women in Industry
Farmwomen • Farms in the South and Midwest • Women & children were a critical part of the economic structure of the family • Besides cooking, cleaning and sewing, women also took their husbands’ place in the field if they were ill or absent
Domestic Workers • Women without formal education or industrial skills • Poverty drove 2 million freed slaves into the work force • 46% worked as domestic servants - laundresses, cooks, scrubwomen, maids • Unmarried immigrant women • By 1870, 70% of working women worked as servants
Women in Industry • 25% of American women held jobs in manufacturing • Spent up to 12 hours per day sewing, folding, packing or bottling • In tobacco factories 40% of the workers were women • Half of all women industrial workers worked in the garment trade • Women worked the equal hours for ½ the pay
As business opportunities expanded, women began to fill new jobs: • Offices • Stores • Classrooms • Educated, native born and middle class women got white collar jobs: • Stenographers • Typists • Bookkeepers • Teachers
Women in Higher Education • Women’s colleges sought to grant women an excellent education • Vassar College (1865) • Smith & Wellesley Colleges (1875) • Barnard College (1889) • Randolph – Macon Women’s College (1891) • Pembroke College (1891) • Radcliffe (1894) • However women were still expected to fill traditional roles
Women and Reform • Educated women strengthened reform groups and provided leadership for new groups • Worked to improve conditions at work and home • “Social Housekeeping” • Targeted unsafe factories, labor abuses • Promoted housing reform, educational improvement & food and drug laws
The NACW - 1896 • African – American women founded the National Association of Colored Women • Managed nurseries, reading rooms and kindergartens • Josephine Ruffin • Identified the mission of the NACW as “the moral education of the race with which we are identified”
The Fight for the Vote • Suffrage, women’s right to vote had been the focus of women reformers since 1848. • The 14th & 15th Amendments • Passed during Reconstruction • Granted the right to vote to African American men • Excluded the women’s right to vote.
National American Woman Suffrage Association • NAWSA • Prominent leaders • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucy Stone • Julia Ward Howe
