1 / 13

Research process

Research process. Research Process. I. Formulating the research problem The formulation of a general topic into a specific research problem constitutes the first step of scientific enquiry. II. Objectives of the research

fionan
Télécharger la présentation

Research process

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Research process

  2. Research Process • I. Formulating the research problem • The formulation of a general topic into a specific research problem constitutes the first step of scientific enquiry. • II. Objectives of the research • It explains the aims that the researcher intends to achieve through the research • III. Extensive literature survey • Books, articles, journals, reports etc • A good library will be a great help to the researcher

  3. Research Process • IV Developing of working hypothesis • Hypothesis provide the focal point of research. • The role of hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research. • It sharpens his thinking and focus

  4. Research Process • IV Developing of working hypothesis • How does one develop hypothesis? • Discuss with colleagues and experts • Examination of data and records • Review similar studies • Personal investigation through field interviews • Working hypothsis must be stated in precise and clear terms.

  5. Research Process • V. Preparing the research design • Researcher will have to state the conceptual structure within which research would be conducted. • There are two types of research designs: • A. Exploratory research • B. Conclusive research • 1. Descriptive research • 2.Causal research

  6. Research Process • VI. Determining sample design • When we select a few items from the universe for our study, the items selected constitute a sample. • Sample design is the way of selecting the sample. • Probability sampling vs. non probability sampling • One should restore to random sampling so that bias can be eliminated and sampling error can be estimated.

  7. Research Process • VII. Collecting the data • There are several ways of collecting data which differ in context of money, costs, time and other resources. • Primary data can be collected through experiments or surveys.

  8. Research Process • Survey Methods Surveys Questionnaire PI Observation Telephone interview Schedule

  9. Research Process • VIII. Execution of the project • The project should be executed in a systematic manner and on time. • IX. Analysis of data • Establishment of categories, tabulating and drawing statistical inferences. • Analysis work is based on computation of percentages, coefficients etc.

  10. Research Process • X. Hypothesis-testing • The hypothesis can be tested through the use of the following tests • Chi square • T-test • Z- test • XI. Generalisations and interpretation • Generalisation means to build a theory. • When the researcher explains the findings it is known as interpretation

  11. Research Process • XII. Preparation of the report • The layout of the report is divided into three parts:- • Preliminary pages • Title and date • Acknowledgements • Forwards • Table of content

  12. Research Process • XII. Preparation of the report • Main text • Introduction • Main report • Conclusion • End of the report • Bibliography • Appendices • Index (optional)

  13. Features of a good research • Objectivity • Systematic • Logical • Universality • Free from personal bias • Control • Empirical • Replicable

More Related