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Research Process

Research Process. Research Process. We are going to learn about the following: Research Topic Focus Questions Topic Exploration Thesis Development Research Primary vs. Secondary Reliable vs. Unreliable Sources Note-taking Paraphrasing vs. Plagiarism Internal Citations

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Research Process

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  1. Research Process

  2. Research Process • We are going to learn about the following: • Research Topic • Focus Questions • Topic Exploration • Thesis Development • Research • Primary vs. Secondary • Reliable vs. Unreliable Sources • Note-taking • Paraphrasing vs. Plagiarism • Internal Citations • Bibliography vs. Works Cited

  3. Step 1: Identify TOPIC • Identify Research Topic. • Initially, your topic will be BROAD. • After informally researching your topic, NARROW in on a specific topic.

  4. Step 2: Develop FOCUS QUESTIONS • Before you begin your informal research, formulate a list of questions regarding your topic. • These questions will be general and will guide your initial research. • For example, if your topic is Walter Dean Myers, what questions would you generate before research? • Who is Walter Dean Myers? • When and Where did he live? • Why is he well-known? • What difference has he made in our world? • How does he compare to other writers?

  5. Step 3: TOPIC EXPLORATION • Now that you have generated a list of questions regarding your topic, use these questions to guide yourinitial research and explore your topic. • The best place to start is on the Internet. • There are several free search engines that your teachers recommend: • Ask for Kids-askforkids.com • Yahooligans-yahooligans.com • Fact Monster-factmonster.com • FirstGov for Kids-kids.gov • ThinkQuest Library-thinkquest.org/library • Google for Kids-google.com/Top/Kids_and_Teens

  6. Online Dictionaries Dictionary.com Wordcentral.com Onelook.com Alphadictionary.com Thefreedictionary.com Yourdictionary.com Online Encyclopedias Encyclopedia.com Encarta.com Britannica.com Reference.com Other Online Sources

  7. Search Skills Keywords Links from home page Limiting terms (scan for unique words to search for) Expanding terms Synonyms Cross referencing Considering the source – evaluating for bias Choosing from a list of sites – check the publisher and the web address for clues, avoid the blue ones, read the abstract, Advanced search How to Search for Information

  8. Now that you have done a general scan of what information is out there on your topic, you will now narrow your broad topic by creating an essential question that focuses on one aspect of your topic. Step 4: Narrow Topic By creating an essential question, you will be able to direct your course of research.

  9. Essential questions are powerful, directive and commit students to the process of critical thinking through inquiry. Ultimately, the answer to the essential question will require that students craft a response that involves knowledge construction. This new knowledge building occurs through the integration of discrete pieces of information obtained during the research process. Answers to essential questions are a direct measure of student understanding; there is not a right or wrong answer as long as you support your answer with evidence found throughout the research process. Essential Question

  10. Is it acceptable to clone human beings? (Decision-making) What invention of the 20th Century has had the greatest impact? Justify your response (Decision-making). Who was the greatest home run hitter in baseball history? (Decision-making) Which credit card is best for me? (Decision-making). What plan could be developed to reduce the impact of zebra mussels on the Great Lakes ecosystem? What is the best plan for losing 20 pounds? Your plan can include 3 strategies. (Developing an action plan) What plan could I use to prepare for a 5K run? The plan can include 2 strategies. (Developing an action plan) Examples of Essential Questions

  11. Step 5: Develop Thesis • A thesis statement is a statement found toward the end of your introductory paragraph that states the focus of your essay OR it is a statement that summarizes your research focus. • For instance, when you wrote your argumentative essay, your position statement was your thesis statement. • Example: • The life of the typical college student is characterized by time spent studying, attending class, and socializing with peers. • Once you have your thesis statement, this statement organizes your essay OR focuses your research.

  12. Step 6: Formal RESEARCH • Now that you have an essential question and thesis statement that focuses your research, you will begin formal research. • Your goal during the formal research process is to seek to find information that will help you discover and develop an answer to your essential question. • You are not limited to finding information online; there are other ways of obtaining information, too. • Where and how can you gather information? • Mrs. Dangar will help us! • Let’s visit the media center for more information!

  13. sources • Primary vs. Secondary Sources • Primary Sources: a first-hand, original account, record, or evidence about a person, place, object, or an event. Oral histories, objects, photographs, and documents such as newspapers, ledgers, census records, diaries, journals, and inventories, are primary sources. Interviews are great primary sources, too! • Secondary Sources: a second-hand account of an event, person, or topic. Secondary sources offer different perspectives, analysis, and conclusions of these accounts. Examples include journal and magazine articles, news reports, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books.

  14. Step 7: NOTE-TAKING • Paraphrasing • First, read information! • Next, cover the information so that you cannot see it! • Finally, restate the information in your own words! • Figure it out or leave it out! • Make notes on your note sheets provided when you find facts or quotes that you’d like to use. – Be sure to include the source of the information so you can cite it and return to it later.

  15. AVOID PLAGIARISM • Take notes in your own words. • NEVER “copy and paste” sentences or paragraphs from any source. • Put quotation marks around someone’s exact words if you copy them directly into your paper or project. • Cite all of your sources, which allow the reader to know where you got your facts, ideas, and quotes.

  16. Step 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY • After you find all of your information, you must create a bibliography or a list that shows where you got all your information. • You must always give five main pieces of information about any source you use • The author or authors__________________________________ • The title of the book, article, or Website____________________ • Where it was published_________________________________ • Who published it______________________________________ • When it was published (or when you found it on a Web site)_____

  17. Allen, Barrie. “Come to Australia.” Internet: <http://www.SydneyTouristBoard.au> April 28, 2006. Angel, Jesse. Island Country. New York: Gy Landers, Inc., 2007. Connell, Jayne. Life Down Under. New York: Redman Publications, 2003. Feinblatt, Arnold. Pacific Nation. Denver: Arlene Books, 2005. Konikowski, Maggie. “Australia: Land of Beauty.” Travel Lover’s Magazine. August, 2006: 16-19. *Take note that these sources are listed in alphabetical order. Also, you must indent the second line in each citation if applicable. Sample Bibliography

  18. If you use direct or internal citations in your essay or project, then you will need to create a Works Cited Page! Works Cited Page

  19. Internal citations • When a quotation or paraphrase is taken from a primary or secondary source and used directly in your essay or presentation, this is known as an internal citation. • For example: • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). (Quotation) • Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). (Quotation) • Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). (Paraphrase)

  20. Both citations in the examples, (263) and (Wordsworth, 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print. For more information, go tohttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/ Internal Citations Continued

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