Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

1. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells. We call these cells prokaryotic. They tend to be smaller and are usually in unicellular organisms. • Examples: bacteria • Eukaryotes are organisms that do have a nucleus in their cells. We call these cells eukaryotic. They tend to be larger and are usually in multicellular organisms. • Examples: plants, animals, protists

2. Unicellular vs. Multicellular Unicellular means it is made of only one cell. That one cell of a unicellular organism helps it survive, get energy, reproduce and respond to its surroundings. Generally they are prokaryotic. Examples: most protists, some fungi, all archeabacteriaand all eubacteria Multicellularmeans it is made of more than one cell. Multicellular organisms have specialized cells to do certain jobs. For example, blood cells carry oxygen, immune cells fight disease,…. Generally they are eukaryotic. Examples: plants, animals, some fungi, a few types of protists

3. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that use other organisms as a food source. Some obtain food by eating plants (herbivores). Some get their food by eating other animals (carnivores). Examples: animals, some protists, most eubacteria • Autotrophs can make their own food. They use photosynthesis to make sugar using the molecule chlorophyll. • Examples: plants, some protists, cyanobacteria

4. Quiz- Use your notes, on notebook paper • 1. Organisms that do have a nucleus are called ___________. • 2. Unicellular organisms have _______ cells. • 3. Multicellular organisms have _________ cells to do certain jobs. • 4. Autotrophs can make their own _______. • 5. Autotrophs use __________ to make sugar. • 6. Autotrophs use the molecule __________ to make their food. • 7. Herbivores eat __________. • 8. Carnivores eat ____________.

5. Reproduction • Reproduction is the process of making more of one organisms own kind. Reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species. • There are two forms of reproduction: • Sexual reproduction • involves two parents • offspring get genetic information from both parents • common in multicellular organisms • Asexual reproduction • involves only one parent • usually a cell splits to make two identical copies of itself • common in unicellular organisms

6. Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate Invertebrates Vertebrates Animals that do have a backbone are called vertebrates. The bones in the spine are called vertebrae. They also have other bones to aid in movement and to protect organs. They generally have complex body systems. Examples:-mammals fish birds reptiles • Animals that do NOT have a backbone are called invertebrates. • They generally have simple body systems. • (Insects have hard exoskeletons but do not have bones.) • Examples: worms, insects