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Understanding the Human Digestive System: Function and Anatomy

The human digestive system is an intricate network that processes food from intake to waste elimination. Starting with the teeth, which mechanically break down food, the process continues through the tongue, salivary glands, and into the pharynx and esophagus where swallowing occurs. The stomach then secretes gastric juices for digestion, while the small intestine absorbs nutrients. The liver and pancreas play critical roles in producing bile and digestive enzymes. Finally, the large intestine recovers water and eliminates waste through the anus, completing the digestive journey.

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Understanding the Human Digestive System: Function and Anatomy

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  1. Digestive System By: Alexandra Pidcock, Viola Eromina, Sagar Modi, and Summer Emmons

  2. Teeth • They are gears to demolish chunks of food by a series of actions such as clamping, slashing, piercing, grinding, and crushing. • They are the first in the digestive system. • It is connected to the gums of the mouth and the tongue helps it chew the food.

  3. Tongue • Consists of four types of taste buds- salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. • It helps to remove and dislocate food particles in the teeth and shifts food around in the mouth in order to assist with the act of swallowing. • It is located in the mouth of the human body. • The food then goes to the pharynx.

  4. Salivary Glands • secretes into the mouth. • Saliva contains enzymes that help begin the process of breaking down food into smaller components. • It is inside the mouth.

  5. Pharynx • Known as the throat, it is the portion of the digestive tract that receives the food from the mouth. • Swallowing takes place in the pharynx partly. The tongue and soft palate push food into the pharynx, which closes off the trachea. • The food then enters the esophagus.

  6. Esophagus • Swallowing starts voluntarily, but becomes involuntarily afterward, because of peristalsis. • Peristalsis is the rhythmic waves of contraction created by the muscles of the esophagus and stomach. • The esophagus is linked to the stomach.

  7. Stomach • Located in the upper abdominal tract and can hold up to 2 liters of food. • The stomach secretes gastric juices that digest food. • Those juices are acids that contain numerous enzymes. • The stomach is linked to the small intestine

  8. Small Intestine • The small intestine is the longest portion of the digestive tract. • It is more than 6 meters long and is located within the middle of the abdomen. • It is where the vast majority of digestion and absorption of food takes place. • It is between the stomach and the large intestine.

  9. Gall Bladder • Produces bile to break down food • It is linked to the liver by the hepatic duct.

  10. Liver • It releases and produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder to the small intestine. • This bile helps break the large lipid molecules into smaller pieces. • It is before the stomach and under the esophagus.

  11. Pancreas • The pancreas releases juices that help break wastes in the small intestine. • These juices include tryplase, amylase, and lipase that digest lipids, fats, and carbohydrates. • The pancreas is linked the stomach.

  12. Large Intestine • Recovers water that has entered the canal. • It creates and stores wastes until it is time to eliminate it. • It comes after the small intestine, taking the remainder of the food. • It is linked to the anus.

  13. Anus • The anus is the opening at the opposite end of the digestive route from the mouth. • Its job is to allow the unneeded wastes to exit the body. • The large intestine is the only organ that connects to the anus, which comes before it.

  14. Citation • http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/esophagus-picture.htm • http://www.pycomall.com/product.php?productid=16233&cat=258&page=1 • http://understandingcysticfibrosis.blogspot.com/2008/01/gall-bladder-issues-in-cystic-fibrosis.html • http://www.the-human-body.net/pancreas.html • http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/large-intestine-picture.htm • http://www.livercancer.com/liver_anatomy.html • http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Cancer/HQ01184.cfm • http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/tourViewCategory.cgi?category_id=16798&tour_id=13125 • http://operatic-vengeance.blogspot.com/2009/09/dead-weather-at-wiltern-august-25th.html • http://mohebban.burjalsaheb.com/?cat=18&paged=4 • http://www.quietsleep.com/sleep-apnea-treatment-onecolumn.cfm

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