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In the pursuit of knowledge, scientists and engineers engage in arguments to reach a common understanding of observations and design solutions. This guide highlights the essence of constructing explanations based on evidence, the role of claims in interpreting data, and how predictions from models, like the Fair Coin Model, inform our conclusions. We explore what constitutes a claim, what counts as evidence, and the methodology for interpreting experimental results, emphasizing the critical nature of argumentative discourse in scientific inquiry.
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Claims and Evidence Arguing in Science and Engineering
Why argue? • Scientists argue in order to reach agreement about explanationsfor observations • Engineers argue in order to reach agreement about the best solution to a design problem
What are going to argue about? • The explanation you construct to explain what you observe • Your interpretation of the data you collected • Why your design is “the best” Where else do you have to argue based on evidence?
What is a claim? • A claim is a conclusion that you reached after analyzing and interpreting your data What claims could you make from our experiment?
What counts as evidence? • Evidence is your interpretation of the data • It is not just the raw data itself Prediction from the model If the coin was “fair”, I would expect to see the average close to 50% and the distribution peaked there. What I observe is… which argues for/against… Evidence from data interpretation The claim is your conclusion
