Date: Oct. 29, 2005 Introduction: Session I, II: Beckman Hall 204 Demo : session III, after 11:50, in Beckman Hall 207

1. Digital Design in Embedded System Design, Integrated Circuit Design LabPeiyi Zhao, Ph.DMath and Computer Science Department, Beckman Hall 207Wilkinson College of Letters & Sciences Chapman UniversityEmail: zhao@chapman.eduPhone: 714 618 5953http://www1.chapman.edu/~zhao/ Date: Oct. 29, 2005 Introduction: Session I, II: Beckman Hall 204 Demo: session III, after 11:50, in Beckman Hall 207 Beckman Hall : the 4-story building near the gate of the university main gate Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

2. Contents • Why digital design • Digital processor design basics • Tools and resource in the lab • Demo: Robot etc Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

3. 1. Why digital design?Digital design is everywhere: communication, consumer electronics, defense, aerospace, etc Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

4. Digital TV will be the standard by Dec. 2006 • About 60 microcontrollers in your car from airbag controller to engine temperature controller. • 6 billion microcontroller units were shipped in 2004, predicted to increase by 10%(Source: Instate.Inc market research ) each year from 2004-2009 • Semiconductor annual revenue of 2004: estimated of $211.4 billion Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

5. Moore’s law (observation): transistors on a chip will double in every 18-24 months. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

6. Some of the research issues: power consumption • With the heat of 100 Watts power consumption, an egg could be cooked. Source: Intel • Other issues: security, etc Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

7. Tomorrow’s market keep need design high speed, low power and secure digital systems. • Digital design needs digital design concepts and programming skill • Our lab provides interdisciplinary training for software, hardware digital co-design. • We do researches like low power consumption, security. • This is one of a few computer science programs in the nation • Which has an intensive hardware selective courses • Equipped with industry standard softwares like Synopsys, Cadence, ModelSim, Xilinx,etc. Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

8. 2.Digital processor design basics • Human being: • super low power, ultra speed amazing brain, • memory, • sense (eye, ear, etc) • Basic structure of processor: • Central processing unit, • memory, • input/output in processor (screen, keyboard, etc) Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

9. What kinds of processors are there? • Microcontroller: put central processing unit, memory, input/output port in one silicon chip. Uses C or assembly language to program. (related course: CPSC250) • Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA): powerful prefabricatedprogrammable digital integrated circuits. You can design a circuit on your computer and have it running on your desk in minutes. No need to solder discrete logic devices and manually wire them together. (related course: CPSC365, CPSC252) • Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC): Using Verilog/ VHDL programming language to design chip for better speed and power according to your specification and fabricate it. (related course: CPSC465,466) Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

10. Computer: Multilevel perspective • Level 5 Program oriented language level CPSC 230/231, 350,353,354,402,408 • Level 4: Assembly language level Assembly language CPSC 250 • Level 3 Operating system level Operating system CPSC 380 • Level 2 Instruction set architecture level Computer architecture CPSC 252 • Level 1 Digital logic level Digital logic CPSC 365 • Level 0 Integrated circuit level Integrated circuits CPSC 465,466 • People interested in understanding how a computer really works must study all the levels.(SOURCE: A.S. Tanenbaum) Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

11. 3.Tools and resources in the lab • Instruments • Waveform generator • Oscilloscope • Digital analyzer • Digital Multimeter • Computers and gate arrays • Sun Blade server • Digilent FPGA boards • Microcontroller: Atmel STK 500 • MIT Handyboard • Lego RCX board Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

12. Tools and resources in the lab • Design tool • Cadence • Synopsys • ModelSim • StudioAVR • C Codevision compiler • Xilinx XSE tool • Altera tool • Special parts • Sensors: light, pressure, temperature • Breadboards • LCD • Resistors, capacitors Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

13. Design skill: Using the previous tools to • design and download different digital logic design to boards • or send to MOSIS to fabricate Abstract digital design level • Troubleshooting design • Breakdown large problem to small ones, • Isolate problem, • Create/use test bench, • Search error message/solution in data base, help manual, ask specialist questions, check tutorial, FAQ, user group, etc Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

14. Student projects • Security: Implement RSA algorithm in FPGA • Low power circuits research • dual voltage level shifter, tri-state buffer, domino circuit,etc • Microcontroller related project • Send Chips to MOSIS for fabrication (coming soon) • Handyboard Robot A robot is pushing a can out of a circle Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

15. // Simple Program for traffic light control • // Implemented in Digilent Board board with Xilinx FPGA • // Oct. 26, 2005 • // Peiyi Zhao, Embedded system / Integrated Circuits Design lab, Chapman University • module traffic_light_simple(clk, rst, y); // traffic light control model • input clk; // clock input from board input rst; // reset signal • output [2:0] y; • reg [7:0] y; • reg [2:0] state, next_st; • wire clk_100_out; • parameter green = 8'b0000_0011; // define green, yellow, red here • parameter yellow = 8'b00011000; • parameter red = 8'b1100_0000; • clk_100 clk_1(clk_100_out, clk); // instantiate a module, get low frequency clock • always @(posedge clk_100_out ) // sequential circuit, check reset signal • begin • if(rst) state <= 5; • else state <= next_st; • end • always @(state) // state control • begin • case(state) • 0: begin next_st= 1; y= green; end // change the code here to control the time of each color • 1: begin next_st= 2; y= green; end • 2: begin next_st= 3; y= green; end • 3: begin next_st= 4; y= yellow; end • 4: begin next_st= 5; y= yellow; end • 5: begin next_st= 6; y= red; end • 6: begin next_st= 7; y= red; end • 7: begin next_st= 0; y= red; end • endcase • end • endmodule Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University

16. 4. Demo • Robot: line track, light follower • A simple traffic light program on FPGA board • A simple calculator program on FPGA board • A simple LED blinker program on microcontroller board Embedded Sys. Integrated Circuit Chapman University