Geospatial data and geomatic: The keystones for the sound implementation of the European Common Agriculture Policy

1. Geospatial World Forum – Agriculture Rotterdam – 15th May 2013 Geospatial data and geomatic:The keystones for the sound implementationof the European Common Agriculture Policy Philippe LOUDJANI, MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) Unit DG Joint Research Centre

2. CAP expenditure and CAP reform path CAP = 0,3 € / EU citizen / day Billion € (2007 constant prices) Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development. 2012 Rural areas + 90% of EU territory From which 50% is farmed 8 million aid applications Total: 58 000 000 000 € / year 40 Billions Direct aids 14 Billions Rural development 7

3. Technical support to CAP implementation To ensure that CAP funds are spent appropriately, Member State Authorities and the Commission services have to establish and apply appropriate management and control mechanisms. MARS Unit provides technical and scientific support for the implementation of the Common Agriculture Policy linked to direct payments (1stCAP pillar) • Management of Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS)data (especially Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) • Management of direct payments to farmers • Control methods (On-The-Spot checks (OTS)) • Control of direct payments • Cross Compliance (Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC), Farm Advisory System (FAS), and ‘Greening’) • Conditions to receive direct payments Technical solutions mostly based on: Geospatial data and geomatic

4. Agriculture Control Before 2003 CAP reform = coupled payments All farm parcels Parcels of interest Pastures COP and SA Olive trees Cropped area Remote Sensing Type of crop Aerial images + several High Resolution images Then first VHR images (after 2000)

5. Environment Agriculture GAEC Control Farm After 2003 CAP reform = decoupled payments All parcels Pastures COP and SA Olive trees Parcels on slopes Parcels along river Landscape features Area Crop group Remote Sensing Land maintenance Landscape elements Except few cases, VHR images needed (less and less HR images and Radar too coarse)

6. Digital Land Parcel System (LPIS) Area claimed by farmer 1.02ha 987xyz 1.23ha 987xyz 1.23 ha 123xyz 1.23ha Since 2005 Reference parcel (Administration) claimed parcel (Farmers) Acts as reference frame for Aid application In IACS-GIS Land Parcel Identification System Use eligibility recorded officially Location in aid application Stable over time May be unstable over time Unique identifier Boundary stored in GIS Use declared by farmer Prevents Double Declaration Based on Ortho imagery Controlled object “Contracted” area in application Payment calculation Locates land Area officially known

7. Digital Land Parcel System today 8 million Farmers in 27 EU Member states Using 140 Million reference parcels uniquely identified Reference parcels superimposed on ortho imagery 7

8. Control with Remote Sensing Initiated end of 90’s Today: used by 25 Member States - 340,000 controls = 75% of total farm controls per Campaign year: some 400 control zones 800 High Resolution images 250.000 km2 Very High Resolution data 7 million € satellite images purchased in 2012 on behalf of DG Agri Check of area, land cover, crop cover, Good agri environmental conditions … 8

9. CwRS Campaigns overview X 2,3 X 12,7 X 20,2 X 3,4

10. Area measurements GNSS and ortho images According to Art.34(1) of R.1122/2009, MS shall use measurement tools that are “proven to assure measurement of quality at least equivalent to that required by applicable technical standard, as drawn up at Community level”. Device Fuzzy borders Expert 10

11. GNSS Buffer tolerance validation method GNSS and Ortho imagery GNSS used in all 27 EU Member States for field measurement More than 6400 receivers !!!! 78 different GNSS devices/mode/method GNSS devices validation Area measurement validation method

12. Environment Agriculture GAEC Control Greening of the CAP (crop diversification, winter cover, permanent pasture …) More complex land use-land cover management Farm CAP 2020 All parcels Pastures COP and SA EFA Olive trees Quantification Parcels on slopes Parcels along river Landscape features forest Almost all areas to consider but urban Area Crop group Greening Land maintenance Remote Sensing EFA quantification Increased VHR images need (at least 50 cm + maybe 3 D information)

13. Proposed Horizontal Regulation “CAP Towards 2020” foresees continuation of CwRS as part of On The Spot Checks (also IACS and LPIS maintenance) Technical management of CAP 2020 Work on implications of the new CAP regulation on: - the IACS (management system) - LPIS (parcel reference system) - OTS checks (control methods) Technical solutions more than ever based on Geospatial data and geomatic

14. Use of Geospatial data Support detailed characterization of rural landscapes (Study done by Ekotoxa, CZ) Landscape features (location, type, area) Hedgerow Group of trees Isolated trees Pond Ancient monument … Land use / land cover (location, type, area) Crop type pasture Forest Permanent crop Fallow land Buffer strips … Eligibility of land 100% eligible 14

15. Use of geospatial data … Automatic linear features extraction of VHR images 3D view UAV image

16. Sound management of rural areas (LPIS as cornerstone) • LPIS + Satellite imagery + additional GIS layers (Digital Elevation Model, …) • Location of: Parcels in vulnerable zones, rivers and green cover buffer, features .. Taking benefit of INSPIRE directive 3D view of rural landscape Most of themes derived from geospatial data Provide relevant information to farmers (digital, paper) Increase awareness on Cross Compliance (Advice: FAS) Reduce risk of infringements Evaluate & monitor CAP impact on natural resources 16