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The Age of Napoleon

The Age of Napoleon. 18.4. Napoleon’s Rise to Power. Born in Corsica Popular military hero during the revolution 1799 overthrew the Directory Set up the three man Consulate 1802 - Declared himself first consul for life. Napoleon as Emperor. 1804 – declares himself emperor

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The Age of Napoleon

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  1. The Age of Napoleon 18.4

  2. Napoleon’s Rise to Power • Born in Corsica • Popular military hero during the revolution • 1799 overthrew the Directory • Set up the three man Consulate • 1802 - Declared himself first consul for life

  3. Napoleon as Emperor • 1804 – declares himself emperor • He was a democratic despot meaning the people supported him • He held a plebiscite – or public vote – each step of the way

  4. Napoleon’s Reforms • Controlled prices • Built roads and canals • Encouraged industry • Founded public schools • Recognized freedom of religion for Catholics • Encouraged émigrés to return • Opened jobs to all based on merit • Created a new legal code • Valued order and authority over individual rights

  5. Napoleon’s Empire • Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and part of Italy and Germany • Controlled much of Europe by controlling who would be on the Thrones of the countries he conquered • Only Britain resisted

  6. Britain and Napoleon • Relied on their navies to resist Napoleon’s armies • He could not win militarily so he attacked Britain’s economy • Created the Continental System that blocked British goods from being sold outside of England • This didn’t work but it did hurt England

  7. Napoleon’s Challenges • Invaded Russia in 1812 • Foreignnationalism caused revolts against Continental System and French repression in other countries • Spain resists French oppression with guerilla warfare • Spanish resistance encourages Austria to resist but Austria is unsuccessful

  8. The Russian Problem • France’s former ally Russia withdraws its support from the Continental system • France invades Russia with 600,000 soldiers • Russians retreated to the east burning everything as they went – a scorched earth policy – leaving the French with no source of supplies • The French retreat before winter but few make it home – only about 20,000 of the original army

  9. Napoleon Falls From Power • Russia, Britain, Prussia, and Austria ally against France • Napoleon abdicates (steps down from power) briefly and is exiled to Elba • Louis XVIII (the old king’s brother) was put in power • Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to France

  10. Waterloo • The allied countries met in Vienna for a peace conference • Napoleon prepares for battle in Belgium at Waterloo • Allies crush French forces and Napoleon returns to exile in St. Helena where he dies in 1821

  11. Napoleon’s Legacy • Napoleonic code • France was a centralized state • More people were able to vote • More people had the rights to own property and get an education • The ideas of revolution spread throughout Europe

  12. Congress of Vienna • Met for 10 months (September 1814 to June 1815) • Attended by the countries who had allied against France who form the Quadruple Alliance (Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain) • They wanted to restore power and protect the monarchial system – promoting legitimacy or restoring hereditary monarchs • Allies agree to meet whenever there are problems as the Concert of Europe

  13. Map of Europe is Redrawn after Congress of Vienna

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