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Bellringer

This lesson explores the decline of the Roman Republic, focusing on the social conflicts and military expansions that led to its demise. Students will analyze key events, such as the rise of powerful generals and the impact of slave revolts, including Spartacus's rebellion. The session will cover significant figures, including the Gracchi brothers, Julius Caesar, and the formation of the Triumvirate. Through group discussions and projects, learners will gain insight into the complexities of Roman political dynamics and the transition from a republic to an empire.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • What is the difference between a republic and a democracy?

  2. Agenda • Groups/ Dates • Collapse of the Republic • Project time

  3. Groups 6th • Afreen, Kevin, Beyza • Jeovanny, Chloe, Margaret • Amber, Noah, Veronica • Anthony, Audrey • Jose, Judith, Victoria • Valeria, Rebecca, Hector • Valerie, Darlin, Phu

  4. Groups 7th • Nardin, Angel, Nailah • Liana, Yaseera, Melvin • Iris, Alexis, Anand • Daulton, Khizer, Jessica • Kevin, Elizabeth, Steve • Samantha, Wesley, Lorenzo • Andrew, Kensy, Lisa

  5. Group 8th • Jillian, Mack, Kathryn • Cruz, Nabeeha, Brandon • Vanessa, Eric, Justin • Colin, Vy, Mohammad • Jose,Alida, Allen • Jessica, Fahim, Brian

  6. Dates • Your Rome unit test will be Feb 21st • Your timeline will ALSO be due the 21st (you will have the whole class before to work on it) • Your individual project will be due Feb 27th

  7. Objectives Students will be able to… 46. Analyze the events leading to the collapse of the Republic.

  8. Objective #46 Social Conflict • Expansion creates wealth, but it is not equally distributed • Poor soldiers feel they should get more, or have to fight less • Rome soon finds that this empire thing is tough work!

  9. The Republic Collapses • Rome conquered a lot of land: • More wealth, more slaves • Rich owned large farms worked by slaves and got richer • Poor got…nothing • Generals recruited poor men for their personal armies – loyal to individuals, not to Rome

  10. Slaves Rebel • Slaves revolted and escaped • They were often used as gladiators for entertainment • They were armed and trained by their masters! • Three slave wars between 135BC and 71BC • The 3rd was led by Spartacus

  11. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #8 Conquering is easy, governing is hard Ice Cube Corollary:Governin’ ain’t easy, but it’s necessary

  12. Previously, in history… • Expansion  social conflict • Unemployed soldiers and rich generals  private armies • Slave revolts  Spartacus

  13. The Gracchi • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • Tribunes who tried to help the poor • Both assassinated • Results in civil war

  14. Powerful Generals • Generals now controlled Rome • Still a Republic in name, but the generals owned the government • Politics in Rome was: bribery, nepotism, abuse of power, physical violence

  15. Discussion Question • Was military expansion good for the Roman Republic?

  16. Get these out • You will need your vocab sheet • Rules of world history • Project packet

  17. The Triumvirate • Pompey and Marcus Crassus, generals who defeated Spartacus, took power • Julius Caesar, an aristocrat, politician, and general, joined forces with Pompey and Crassus in 60 BC • The three ruled Rome for 10 years • Caesar served as consul and then went to lead an army in Gaul

  18. Caesar in Gaul

  19. Another Popular General • Caesar’s campaign in Gaul was successful and very popular • Crassus died, and Pompey began to fear Caesar’s popularity • Pompey disbanded Caesar’s army • Another set of allies became enemies

  20. Crossing the Rubicon • Julius Caesar refused to send his army home. Instead, he led them into Italy • The line dividing Italy from Caesar’s area of Gaul was the Rubicon River • In 49 BC, Caesar “crossed the Rubicon” and declared war on Rome • “The die is cast”

  21. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #9 There can be only one!

  22. Caesar as Dictator • Caesar’s army defeated Pompey’s all over the Mediterranean • “Veni, vidi, vici” • He was appointed dictator in 46 BC • Dictator for Life in 44 BC

  23. Et tu, Brute? • Senators rejected the rule of a tyrant and murdered Caesar • March 15, 44 BC – “the Ides of March” • Led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius

  24. Second Triumvirate • After the assassination, civil war • Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian joined forces against the assassins • Formed the Second Triumvirate • Any predictions?

  25. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #9 There can be only one!

  26. Octavian • Caesar’s grandnephew and adopted son, his chosen successor • Became an emperor • Forced Lepidus to retire • Declared war on Mark Antony, who fell in love with Cleopatra in Egypt • Defeated them in 31 BC

  27. Emperor for the Empire • Octavian took the title Augustus: “exalted one” • Continued to have a senate, but ruled as emperor until his death • The Republic was dead – long live the Roman Empire!

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