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Factors that Shape Ecosystems

Ecosystems are shaped by a mix of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors, influencing organism survival and ecosystem productivity. Key concepts include habitat, niche, community interactions, and competitive exclusion. Symbiosis highlights relationships like mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Ecological succession describes how ecosystems recover post-disturbance, often starting with pioneer species. Additionally, invasive species can disrupt ecosystems, threatening native organisms and costing economically. This understanding is vital for conservation and ecological management.

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Factors that Shape Ecosystems

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  1. Factors that Shape Ecosystems Symbiosis, Succession, and Invasive Species

  2. Factors that Shape Ecosystems • Ecosystems are shaped by a combination of biological and physical factors

  3. Abiotic Factors • non-living parts of an ecosystem

  4. Biotic Factors • living parts in an ecosystem

  5. Factors that Shape Ecosystems • Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.

  6. Habitat • the area in which an organism lives

  7. Niche • role or occupation that an organism plays in its community (habitat)

  8. Community Interactions • contact between organisms that help shape ecosystems

  9. Community Interactions • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis • Mutualism • Parasitism • Commensalism

  10. Competition • occurs when members of two or more species populations rely on the same resource for survival

  11. Competition Exclusion Principle • no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time • there are winners and losers

  12. Predation • a relationship (usually) between two species in which one is killed (for food) and the other benefits

  13. Symbiosis • specific relationships that occur between two different species

  14. Symbiosis • Predation • Mutualism • Commensalism

  15. Symbiosis: Mutualism • a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which both benefit

  16. Symbiosis: Parasitism • a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which one benefits and other is harmed

  17. Symbiosis: Commensalism • a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed

  18. Symbiosis: Commensalism • rare • most relationships are at least slightlymutualistic or parasitic

  19. Succession • the process by which an ecosystem slowly returns to its original state after some disturbance • species replace species as succession progresses • lead by a pioneer species

  20. Succession

  21. Succession

  22. Pioneer Species • a species that establishes an ecosystem after it has been severely changed/altered • this organism 'paves' the way for other species to return to the ecosystem

  23. Succession

  24. Pioneer Species • a species that establishes an ecosystem after it has been severely changed/altered • this organism 'paves' the way for other species to return to the ecosystem • Typically plants return to an ecosystem before animals • Usually small organisms (grasses, insects, etc.)

  25. Invasive Species • to introduced species that negatively affect the ecosystems they invade financially and/or ecologically • also called "non-indigenous" or "non-native" • cost people money and/or threaten native species • can be plants or animals

  26. Invasive Species

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