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Hydrology of Inland Flooding

Hydrology of Inland Flooding. Stream Gauges Hydrologic Forecast Process Forecast Considerations Forecast Hydrographs. 3-1. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges. Stream Gauges.

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Hydrology of Inland Flooding

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  1. Hydrology of Inland Flooding • Stream Gauges • Hydrologic Forecast Process • Forecast Considerations • Forecast Hydrographs 3-1

  2. Stream Gauges

  3. Stream Gauges

  4. Stream Gauges

  5. Stream Gauges

  6. Stream Gauges

  7. Stream Gauges

  8. Stream Gauges

  9. Stream Gauges

  10. Stream Gauges

  11. Stream Gauges

  12. Stream Gauges • Manual gages (wire weight or staff) • Low cost • By definition, requires trained human observer • Not usually available at night • Automated gages • Installation costs + Maintenance costs • Available 24/7

  13. Hydrologic Forecast Process • Modeling how much rain gets into the river (Rainfall to Runoff) • Modeling how fast water gets to the river gage (Unit Hydrograph) • Modeling how fast upstream water arrives at the gage (Routing) • Translating water volume into water height (Rating)

  14. Rainfall to Runoff Modeling

  15. Rainfall to Runoff Modeling Rain DIRECT SURFACE INTERFLOW BASEFLOW 6 hours 12 hours 18 hours 24 hours 30 hours T=0 hours

  16. Unit Hydrograph

  17. Routing Gage Height Time

  18. Meramec River near Steelville, MO

  19. Hickory Creek near Bluff City, IL

  20. River Forecasts – How are they created? Upstream Flow Upstream River Gage Observed Precipitation Future Precipitation Local Basin Soil Model Rainfall to Runoff Unit Hydrograph Runoff to Flow Forecast River Gage Basin Local Flow Total Flow (cfs) Rating Curve Flow to Stage Forecaster Modification Forecast To Public

  21. Forecast Considerations • Ground State (How dry is it?) • Past Model Performances • Rainfall (Gage-based or Radar-based?) • Rainfall Variability • Space • Time

  22. Rainfall Variability

  23. Rainfall Variability

  24. Rainfall Variability

  25. Rainfall Variability

  26. Rainfall Variability

  27. Forecast Hydrographs • Model Hydrographs • Forecast Hydrographs

  28. Model Hydrograph

  29. Summary  Which river gauge requires a stilling well? A. Acoustic sonar B. Float type C. Pressure transducer

  30. Summary  What type of runoff causes the river to rise the quickest? A. Direct runoff B. Interflow C. Baseflow

  31. Summary  What hydrologic method takes basin-wide runoff and converts it to flow (discharge) over a period of time at the river gauge? A. Rainfall to Runoff model B. Unit Hydrograph C. Routing model D. Rating curve

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