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Multi-Dimensional Arrays

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fordon
18 diapositives · 367 Views · Aug 07, 2014

Multi-dimensional arrays, such as 1D, 2D, and 3D arrays, are crucial in programming for organizing data efficiently. A 1D array can track grades for a class, where each element corresponds to a student; for example, grades[i]. For more complex data, like tracking multiple assignments across different students, 2D arrays are appropriate. This guide explains when to use different dimensions and how to declare and access multi-dimensional arrays. Understand their structure, benefits, and practical examples in various programming contexts.

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Multi-Dimensional Arrays
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  1. Multi-Dimensional Arrays CSCE 110

  2. One dimension (which student) When To Use Arrays Of Different _______________ • Determined by the data – the number ____________________ ___________ determines the number ______________ to use. • Examples: • (1D array) • Tracking grades for a class • Each cell contains the grade for a student i.e., grades[i] • There is _________________ that specifies which student’s grades are being accessed • (2D array) • Expanded grades program • Again there is ____________ that specifies which student’s grades are being accessed • The __________________ can be used to specify which lab assignment

  3. Student Lab grade When To Use Arrays Of Different Dimensions • (2D array continued)

  4. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Rows When To Use Arrays Of Different Dimensions • (2D array continued) • Notice that each row is merely a _________ A _________ is an array containing rows of _________ Columns [1] [2] [3] [4]

  5. Section (Z) Student (X = column) Lab Assignment (Y = row) When To Use Arrays Of Different Dimensions • (3D array – take the ________ but allow for multiple ______). • The _______________________ specifies which section grades are being tracked. • Note: • The standard approach for specifying the dimensions is to specify the row coordinate (Y) and then the column coordinate (X). • The size of a _________ must be the same for all elements along that _______ e.g., all ____ must be of the same ____

  6. Section 503 Section 502 Section 501 • Student 1 • Student 2 • Student 3 • … • Lab1 • Lab2 • Lab3 • Lab4 • Lab5 • Lab6 • Lab7 When To Use Arrays Of Different Dimensions

  7. Declaring Multi-Dimensional Arrays • Format: • (Two dimensional arrays) • Name : array [min..max, min..max] of type; • (Three dimensional arrays) • Name : array [min..max, min..max, min..max] of type; • Examples: • var johnFinances : array [1..3, 1..7] of real; • var cube : array [1..6, 1..6, 1..6] of char; _____ _______

  8. Declaring Multi-Dimensional Arrays As A Type • Format: • Type declaration • Type • name = array [min..max, min..max] of element type; • name = array [min..max, min..max, min..max] of element type; • Variable declaration • array name : Type name;

  9. Declaring Multi-Dimensional Arrays As A Type • Example: • Type declaration • Finances = array [1..3, 1..7] of real; • Cube = array [1..6, 1..6, 1..6] of char; • Variable declaration • var johnFinances : Finances; • var aCube : Cube;

  10. Accessing / Assigning Values To Elements • Format: • name [row][column] := value; • Example: • finances [1][1] := 4500; • writeln (finances[1][1]); • OR • finances [1, 1] := 4500; • writeln (finances[1, 1]);

  11. Multi-Dimensional Arrays And Input/Output • Arrays of ___________________ (including multi-dimensional _________________ arrays) cannot be passed as parameters to: read, readln, write, writeln. • Only ______________________ can be passed as parameters to these procedures.

  12. A Character-Based Grid • program gridExample (input, output); • const • MAX_ROWS = 4; • MAX_COLUMNS = 4; • NUM_COMBINATIONS = 10; • type • Grid = array[1..MAX_ROWS, 1..MAX_COLUMNS] of char;

  13. A Character-Based Grid (2) • function generateElement (temp : integer) : char; • var • anElement : char; • begin • case (temp) of • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 : • anElement := ' '; • 7, 8, 9: • anElement := '*'; • 10: • anElement := '.';

  14. A Character-Based Grid (3) • else {still in case statement} • begin • writeln('<< Error with the random # generator.>>'); • writeln('<< Value should be 1-',NUM_COMBINATIONS, • ' but random value is ', temp); • anElement := '!'; • end; • end; • generateElement := anElement; • end;

  15. A Character-Based Grid • procedure initialize (var aGrid : Grid); • var • r : integer; • c : integer; • temp : integer; • begin • for r := 1 to MAX_ROWS do • begin • for c := 1 to MAX_COLUMNS do • begin • temp := random(NUM_COMBINATIONS) + 1; • aGrid[r][c] := generateElement(temp); • end; • end; • end;

  16. A Character-Based Grid (5) • procedure display (aGrid : Grid); • var • row: integer; • column: integer; • begin • for row := 1 to MAX_ROWS do • begin • for column := 1 to MAX_COLUMNS do • begin • write(aGrid[row][column]); • end; • writeln; • end; • end;

  17. A Character-Based Grid (6) • procedure displayLines (aGrid : Grid); • var • row : integer; • column : integer; • begin • for row := 1 to MAX_ROWS do • begin • writeln(' - - - -'); • for column := 1 to MAX_COLUMNS do • begin • write('|', aGrid[row][column]); • end; • writeln('|'); • end; • writeln(' - - - -'); • end;

  18. A Character-Based Grid (7) • begin • var aGrid : Grid; • initialize(aGrid); • writeln('Displaying grid'); • writeln('==============='); • display(aGrid); • writeln; • writeln('Displaying grid with bounding lines'); • writeln('=========================='); • displayLines(aGrid); • end.