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An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍

An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍. Presented at the Beijing Metro Planning and Development International Forum Beijing Hotel * Beijing, China January 9, 2007 By Eva Lerner-Lam

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An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍

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  1. An Introduction to Rail Service in the New York Metropolitan Region纽约大都市地区轨道交通介绍 Presented at the Beijing Metro Planning and Development International Forum Beijing Hotel * Beijing, China January 9, 2007 By Eva Lerner-Lam Member, Transportation Policy CommitteeNew York State Governor’s Transition Team 北京城市轨道交通 规划与建设国际研讨会 中国—北京—北京饭店 2007年1月9日 演讲者： Eva Lerner-Lam 交通策略委员会成员 纽约州长交通小组 PALISADES

  2. The New York Metropolitan Region 纽约大都市地区 • Combined population 18.9 million 总人口1890万 • 3 States (NY-NJ-CT) 3个州（纽约-新泽西-康乃狄克） • 31 Counties 31个县 Regional Plan Association 2004

  3. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • Two major providers of regional rail service区域轨道交通的两个主要运营公司 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority 纽约大都会运输署 • New Jersey Transit Corporation 新泽西公交公司

  4. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority纽约大都会运输署 • 2006 operating budget $9 billion 2006年运营预算 90亿美元 • Average weekday ridership工作日平均乘客人数 7,785,175 • Rail and subway cars铁路及地铁车辆数 8,590 • Track miles 轨道总英里(公里) 2,058 (3355 ) • Rail and subway stations铁路及地铁车站数 734

  5. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New Jersey Transit Corporation 新泽西公交公司 • 2006 operating budget $1.4 billion2006年运营预算 14亿美元 • Average weekday ridership工作日平均乘客人数 800,900 • Rail and subway cars铁路及地铁车辆数 900 • Track miles 轨道总英里(公里) 536 (918) • Rail and subway stations铁路及地铁车站数 162 • Parking spaces at rail stations火车站停车位 54,631

  6. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—Subways 纽约大都会运输署—地铁

  7. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—Metro North Railroad纽约大都会运输署—地铁北线

  8. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority—Long Island Railroad纽约大都会运输署—长岛线

  9. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New Jersey Transit Corporation新泽西捷运公司 • Commuter Rail通勤铁路

  10. Regional Rail Transit Service Providers区域轨道交通运营公司 • New Jersey Transit Corporation新泽西捷运公司 • Light Rail轻轨

  11. Major Regional Rail Stations区域通勤铁路主要车站 • New York 纽约 • Grand Central Station 中央车站 • Penn Station宾州车站 • Port Authority Bus Terminal 港湾局公共汽车终点站 • New Jersey新泽西 • Newark Penn Station 纽瓦克宾州车站 • Hoboken Terminal 霍波肯终点站 • Secaucus Transfer Station Secaucus换乘站

  12. Grand Central Station中央车站

  13. Hoboken Terminal霍波肯终点站

  14. Regional Planning 区域规划 Two Official Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOS) 两个大都市交通规划组织 • NY Metropolitan Transportation Commission (NYMTC) 纽约大都市交通委员会 • North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA)新泽西交通规划署 • Regional Plan Association (RPA) 区域规划协会

  15. NY Regional Development Strategy纽约区域发展战略计划 • Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) 区域交通规划 • Three C’s: Continuing, Cooperative and Comprehensive 3个C： 持续、协作、综合 • Required for federal funding of transport projects and operations 交通项目建设与运营需要申请联邦资助

  16. NY Regional Development Strategy纽约区域发展战略计划 • Vision for 2030* 2030年展望 • Employment will increase by 1 million jobs (500,000 in NYC alone) 增加1百万就业机会（单纽约就有50万） • Sustainable transport infrastructure must grow to support that potential 必须发展相应的可持续交通基础设施以达到目标 • “Effective planning both anticipates and encourages the growth it seeks to handle.”** 需有效的规划来考虑和支持基础设施建设 *Elliott Spitzer, Governor of New York **Robert Yaro, Regional Plan Association

  17. Transportation and Land Use Development Challenges交通与土地利用开发面临的挑战 • Multiplicity of overlapping jurisdictions多个管辖结构职责的重叠 • Inadequate funding for needed capital improvements and operations 资产改善和运用资金不足

  18. Transportation and Land Use Development Challenges交通与土地利用开发面临的挑战 • Multiplicity of jurisdictions存在多个管辖结构 • Transit Operators 各个公交运营商 • Port Authority 港区管委会 • States 各个州 • Counties 各个县 • Cities, Townships and Boroughs 市、镇、区

  19. Transportation and Land Use Development Challenges交通与土地利用开发面临的挑战 • Significant Funding Shortfalls资金短缺问题严重 • New York: $4.3 billion from 2007-2010 纽约：2007-2010年间短缺43亿美金 • New Jersey: $7.7 billion from 2006-2012 新泽西：2006-2012年间短缺77亿美金 • RPA recommends 5-year, $25 billion capital budget for MTA, but sources of funding are extremely limited RPA建议MTA在5年中需250亿美元的预算，但资金的来源极为有限

  20. Transportation Solutions交通解决方案 1. Focus on High-Priority Capital Projects 集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上 • Mega-Projects 特大项目 • Access to the Region’s Core 联系区域核心的通道 2. Promote Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) with “Transit Villages” 提倡以公交为先导的发展模式、包含“公交社区”的理念

  21. 1. Focus on High-Priority Capital Projects集中精力和资金于需优先考虑的项目上 • Mega-Projects 特大项目 (NYMTA) • East Side Access 东侧通道 • Second Avenue Subway 第二大街地铁

  22. MTA Regional Commuter Rail System都会交通署区域通勤铁路系统

  23. Mega-Project: 特大项目 East Side Access东侧通道

  24. Mega-Project:特大项目 Second Avenue Subway第二大街地铁 Phase 1 第1期 Phase 3 第3期 Phase 2 第2期 Phase 4 第4期

  25. Metrolink （地铁系统相连接） • Future lines will link Mega-projects and enhance access for 4 of NYC’s 5 boroughs 未来的线路将连接现有的特大交通项目，进一步加强纽约一共5区中4区的出入通道

  26. Access to the Region’s Core (ARC)联系区域核心的通道

  27. Leveraging Transit and Land Use for Sustainability 综合平衡考虑轨道交通和土地利用的可持续性 • Must pay close attention to land use surrounding rail transit stations in order to: • 需注重车站周边土地开发以达到以下目的： • Increase transit ridership 增加客流量 • Improve commercial value for surrounding business 改善周边商机 • Enhance the environment 改进周边环境

  28. 2. Promote Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) 提倡以公交为先导的发展开发模式 • “Transit Villages”公交社区

  29. 2. Promote Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Suburbs提倡在郊区实施公交为先导的发展开发模式 • NJT “Transit Villages” Program 新泽西“公交社区”项目 • Encourages growth where public transit already exists 鼓励已有公交社区的进一步发展 • Reduces reliance on the automobile 减少对私家车的过分依赖 • Reduces traffic congestion and improves air quality by increasing transit riders 鼓励使用公共交通以减少交通拥塞和改善空气质量

  30. Relationship Between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Use铁路开发与附近土地利用之间的关系 10 Principles * 10个原则: 1. Make It Better with a Vision 依靠具有远瞻性的理念让发展更好 2. Apply the Power of Partnerships 充分运用伙伴合作的力量 3. Think Development When Thinking about Transit 考虑公交时同时考虑开发 West Windsor Princeton Junction Station Area Plan *Urban Land Institute 2003

  31. Relationship between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Use铁路开发与附近土地利用之间的关系 • Get the Parking Right停车场必须正确设置 • Build a Place, Not a Project 创建一个社区，而不仅是完成一个项目 6. Make Retail Development Market Driven, Not Transit Driven 以零售开发以市场而不是以公交为驱动力 New Jersey Transit-Rutgers University

  32. Relationship Between Rail Development and Adjacent Land Use铁路开发与附近土地利用之间的关系 • Mix Uses, but Not Necessarily in the Same Place 用途多样化，但不一定在同一个位置 8. Make Buses a Great Idea 使公共汽车乘用非常有吸引力 9. Encourage Every Price Point to Live around Transit 鼓励在公交附近发展各层次居住 10. Engage Corporate Attention 吸引企业的关注

  33. Relationship Between Land Use and Trip Generation at Regional Rail Stations区域铁路车站土地利用与交通量之间的关系

  34. Observations 观察思考 • Economic development and transit ridership will continue to grow in the NY metropolitan region, requiring additional rail transit capacity 纽约的经济和客流量将进一步增长，需发展更多的轨道交通设施 • Performance of transit can be enhanced by focused efforts on land use planning at rail transit stations 交通效益可通过合理的土地开发规划来进一步提升

  35. Recommendations 建议 • Strong leadership to build 3 “C’s” process 大力推进3 “C’s”（持续、协作、综合） 2. Take a large-scale, regional view of travel patterns as well as a small-scale, local view of land use at rail transit stations 策略需兼顾大尺度的区域性出行模式、小至站点周边土地开发 • Think in terms of “sustainability” and you will make the “right” decisions 以“可持续性”为准绳，做出“正确”的决策

  36. Sources 资料来源 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority纽约大都会运输署 • New Jersey Transit Corporation 新泽西公交公司 • New Jersey Transportation Planning Authority新泽西交通规划署 • New York Metropolitan Transportation Council纽约大都市交通委员会 • New York State Department of Transportation纽约州交通局 • New Jersey State Department of Transportation新泽西州交通局 • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey纽约-新泽西港湾局 • Regional Plan Association 区域规划协会

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