Developmental ResearchDesigns

1. Developmental ResearchDesigns • Cross Sectional – one point in time • Longitudinal – one group over time • Time lag – same age groups are observed at different times • Sequential Designs – includes combinations of cross sectional, longitudinal and time lag

2. Problems with Developmental Research • Extreme age group designs • E.g.,Young adult students vs. older adult volunteers from senior centres.

3. Problems with Developmental Research • Extreme age group designs • E.g.,Young adult students vs. older adult volunteers from senior centres. • Survivor problems

4. Theories of Psychosocial Development

5. Metatheories • Quantitative development • Qualitative development • (story from Papalia et al., 2002)

6. Metatheories • Quantitative development • Qualitative development • Metatheories – a lens through which a person views the universe

7. Nature vs. Nurture • The Organismic Model – unfolding of behaviour according to a genetic blueprint

8. Nature vs. Nurture • The Organismic Model – unfolding of behaviour according to a genetic blueprint • The Mechanistic Model – the individual is a passive recipient of environmental influence

9. Nature vs. Nurture • The Organismic Model – unfolding of behaviour according to a genetic blueprint • The Mechanistic Model – the individual is a passive recipient of environmental influence • The Contextual Model – the individual is a product of the individual’s biological nature and the environment during a particular historical period

10. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

12. Stage Theories • At about the same time in our lives, all of us experience the same events, problems or challenges. • E.g., Freud, Piaget and Erikson

14. Social Age Clock(Neugarten, 1968) An internalized calendar, learned from society, which tells us about when in our lives we should be doing what. “Act your age.”

15. Social Age Clock(Neugarten, 1968) An internalized calendar, learned from society, which tells us about when in our lives we should be doing what. “Act your age.” 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and beyond

16. Social Age Clock (cont’d) • On time events – occur at the time we expect them to • Off-time events – occur either earlier or later than expected • Off-time events often cause stress

25. Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair Butler’s Life Review -return to past experiences and conflicts

26. Levinson’s Seasons of a Man’s Life (1978)

27. Levinson’s Seasons of a Man’s Life (1978)

28. Levinson’s Seasons of a Man’s Life (1978)

29. Levinson’s Seasons of a Man’s Life (1978)