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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Process by which cells extract energy from food Literally it’s about using bond energy (electrons) to regenerate ATP May be anaerobic or aerobic. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O. Aerobic Respiration as a 3-Act Play. Act I: Glycolysis Act II: The Kreb’s Cycle

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration • Process by which cells extract energy from food • Literally it’s about using bond energy (electrons) to regenerate ATP • May be anaerobic or aerobic

  2. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

  3. Aerobic Respiration as a 3-Act Play • Act I: Glycolysis • Act II: The Kreb’s Cycle • Act III: Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain

  4. Glycolysis • 6C glucose split • to 2, 3C pyruvates • Yield 2 ATP • Yield 2 NADH • 10 reaction steps, each catalyzed by specific enzymes.

  5. What’s the point of glycolysis? • The key point of glycolysis is that all cells, without even using oxygen, are able to make food monomers reactive enough to split down to pyruvate. The pyruvate molecules then proceed to further steps that extract much more energy from the bonds.

  6. In anaerobic conditions, it is converted to lactic acid or ethanol, with a yield of 4 ATP/glucose In aerobic conditions, it enters the mitochondria, proceeds through Kreb’s Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation at the ETC for yield of 36 ATP/glucose “The fate of pyruvate”

  7. Aerobic Respiration as a 3-Act Play • Act I: Glycolysis • Act II: The Kreb’s Cycle • Act III: Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain

  8. Kreb’s Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle) A metabolic “furnace” that oxidizes pyruvate fuel. Each pyruvate is broken down to 3 CO2. 2 pyruvates  2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2

  9. What’s the point of Krebs Cycle? • The point of the Krebs cycle is to reduce coenzymes. • In Krebs, NAD+ and FAD are reduced to NADH & FADH2 from the oxidation of pyruvate (or actually, Acetyl, CoA). • The reduced coenzymes, NADH & FADH2 act as electron taxi cabs, shuttling their key passengers to the cristae.

  10. Mitochondria Anatomy Review Remember: Glycolysis -- in cytosol Krebs -- in mito matrix Ox Phos –at mito cristae (in the “electron transport chain” ETC)

  11. Aerobic Respiration as a 3-Act Play • Act I: Glycolysis • Act II: The Kreb’s Cycle • Act III: Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain • Chemiosmosis simulation

  12. Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chain

  13. What’s the point of oxidative phosphorylation at the ETC? • The electrons, originally from glucose, are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2, and are passed down the ETC. • This “electrical energy” runs a molecular machinery that pumps protons across the cristae. • These protons pass back through the cristae at the ATP synthase enzyme, regenerating ATP!

  14. Review of Cells & Metabolism • Enzymes & Activation Energy • ATP and coupled reactions • Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Anaerobic fermentation or lactic acid formation • Aerobic, proceed to below • Krebs Cycle • Ox. Phos. & the ETC

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