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Penn State Weather Camps

Penn State Weather Camps. Basic Weather Forecasting Guidelines. Know what to expect! = Climo . What causes temperature to change ? C loud cover : D ay Vs. N ight Precipitation : When it rains T’s tend to be higher/lower? Why? Wind and Fronts : Direction N vs. S Speed Day Vs. Night.

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Penn State Weather Camps

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  1. Penn State Weather Camps Basic Weather Forecasting Guidelines

  2. Know what to expect! = Climo.

  3. What causes temperature to change? • Cloud cover: • Day Vs. Night • Precipitation: • When it rains T’s tend to be higher/lower? Why? • Windand Fronts: • Direction • N vs. S • Speed • Day Vs. Night Basic Forecast Guidelines

  4. What causes rain? • Need clouds! • Will any ole cloud do? • Moisture supply • Bodies of water – Moisture content of air • Upward motion: • How does this affect clouds/precip.? • Mechanisms for “lift” • Fronts – Topography – Low Pressure – Jet stream dist. • (In) stability: • Warm down low … cold up high! Basic Forecast Guidelines

  5. Climatology Forecast = averages for today • PersistenceForecast = yesterday’s values • Extrapolation/trend Forecast = Look upstream to see what the wind’s bringing in ! • Satellite IR - Satellite VIS - Radar - sfc. map 1 - sfc. map 2 • Thunderstorms/Moist Convection • Triggers ? • Fuel • LI • Cape Basic Forecast Guidelines

  6. The “Models” • Simulate future state of atmosphere • Higher resolution / lower resolution • The “Models” • Lower Res. (GFS) • Higher Res. (NAM) • Higher Res. (HRRR) Basic Forecast Guidelines

  7. Your competition !!! • The National Weather Service • The Weather Channel • Accuweather • The guy or gal to your left and right 

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