Emergence of the Americas n global affairs 1880-1929

1. Emergence of the Americas n global affairs 1880-1929 Alyssa colley http://emergenceoftheamericasinglobalaffairs.blogspot.com/

2. US expansionist foreign policies • Political/Economic/Social /ideological reasons: • New Manifest destiny • Josiah Strong and Alfred Mahan • Social Darwinism • People wanted an aggressive foreign policy: • 1893, modernizations, imperialism • Isolationist stand (after the civil war/reconstruction) • Expansionism

3. The Spanish-American war • Economic growth, industrial growth, production growth • Needed new markets: raw materials, products, and military • Expansionists vs. Anti-Expansionists • Economic stagnation • Human rights • Tensions fueled foreign policy debates with the acquisition of the Hawaiian islands, our entry into the Spanish-American war, terms of the Treaty of Paris, panama canal, central American affairs, entry into o WWI, and the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

4. McKinley as president • Wanted t to avert war • Felt pressures from the public to intervene in Cuba • Yielded to the pressures because of commercial and military interests • “the war has brought us new duties and responsibilities which we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the beginning the ruler of nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilization”

5. Theodore Roosevelt- Believed in a special destiny for America- “We stand supreme in a continent, in a hemisphere…a great work lies already to the hand of this generation…it is a privilege” - Assistant Secretary of the Navy- advocated intervention in Cuba both for the Cuban people and to promote the Monroe Doctrine

6. Writers • The importance of expansionism on the ground of duty and responsibility • Rudyard Kipling and Henry Watterson • Anti-Imperialist League (emerged after the Treaty of Paris) • Mark Twain and William James

7. Causes of the war: • Sympathy for Cuban citizens • Feelings were inflamed by “yellow journalism” • William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer • The De Lôme letter • USS Maine (Remember the Maine) • February 15, 1898

8. A little bit about the war • The Teller Amendment: the US would not establish permanent control over Cuba after the war. • April 25 1898-August 12, 1898 • More American soldiers died of disease than of battle wounds. Yellow fever spread quickly.

9. effects • Madrid sued for peace • Treaty of Paris: signed December 10, 1898 • The US gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and The Philippines • Cuba formed its own civil government and gained independence on May 20, 1902 • Anti-imperialist League • Spain benefited economically, but had political defeat because it weakened political stability. • Turned the US into an imperialist power

10. US Foreign policies • Big Stick Diplomacy –Roosevelt • Dollar Diplomacy- Taft • Moral Diplomacy- Wilson’s diplomacy • Panama Canal- Us involvement in Latin America • The Navy- “white fleet” very large

11. US and the WWI (why?) • Germans decided to start unrestricted submarine warfare: The Lusitania (May 7, 1915) • Zimmerman telegraphy (February 25, 1917) • Russian Revolution: now the US can say that they are fighting for democracy • US enters the war in April with Wilson’s peace ideals: (progressive war) • This would be a “war to end all wars” • This would be a war to “make the world safe for democracy” • Fourteen points

12. Struggle of the Versailles treaty • Willsonians vs. Irreconcilables vs. reservationists • Irreconcilables did not agree with the lack protection the treaty offered to the Monroe Doctrine • Treaty: • A league of nations • Germany lost territory as new countries were created • All German colonies surrendered to the Allies and took full responsibility • Germany was limited to 100,000 troops and agreed to pay the cost of war (approx. $30 billion) • Allied troops occupied the Rhineland for 15 years

13. Impact of WWI on The US • Made room for American economy in Europe • Industry production boomed • New technologies developed • More employment opportunities (Women and African-Americans) • 19th -August 18, 1920

14. Canada and Wwi • When war broke out, Canada immediately supported the UK’s declaration of war against Germany • Had a small military force to begin with -didn’t do a whole lot • In 1914 Canada entered the war as a colony, a mere extension of Britain overseas; in 1918 she was forging visibly ahead to nationhood. • Canadians were not only considered expert and professional soldiers, they were feared by the Germans as an omen of impending attack. • Canada’s contributions enabled it to become more independent and opened a deep rift between the French and English speaking populations

15. For a nation of 8 million people, Canada’s war effort was remarkable. -619,636 men and women served – 400,000 overseas-66,655 died, 172,950 wounded-The war transformed the nation, culture, economy, and identity.-The Red Baron

18. Bibliography "Causes of the Spanish American War: Yellow Journalism, Imperialism, and the USS Maine Bring About War ." Michael Streich Writing Profile . N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. <http://michael-streich.suite101.com/causes-of-the-spanish-american-war-a93842>. "Canada and the First World War."Library and Archives Canada . N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. <http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/firstworldwar/index-e.html>. "Canada's Role in WWI." Mount Allison University. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. <http://www.mta.ca/library/courage/canadasroleinwwi.html> Category. "Canada in World War One – Canadians in the First World War."European History: – The History of Europe. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/canadainww1/Canada_in_WW1.htm>. Chimes, Michael. "Imperialism."Spanish American War. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://www.spanamwar.com/imperialism.htm>. "Impact of WWI on the US." Northern State University: Aberdeen, SD. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2012. <http://www3.northern.edu/marmorsa/impactofWWIonUSlecturenotes.htm>. "The Spanish-American War and Its Consequences." ushistory.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/44d.asp>. "WWI: Canada Enters the War ."Canada at War. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. <http://www.canadaatwar.ca/content-40/world-war-i/canada-enters-the-war/>. "Causes of the Spanish American War."Professional Translation Services . N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. <http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/spain/causes-of-the-spanish-american-war/839>.