1. Future Circular ColliderARUP: Status of Geological ModelsYung LooAndy Kervell

2. Contents • Scope of Work and Work Stages • Preliminary Geological Studies and Decision Aid Tool • Preliminary findings and constraints • Geological Studies – Next Stages • Decision Aid Tool (GIS) – Next Stages • Proof of Concepts and Project examples • Discussion on requirements, constraints, opportunities to collaborate. • Next steps (+ furthered in afternoon session)

3. Work Stages

4. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • A. Key Variables: • Tunnel Elevation • Tunnel Gradient & Inflection Point • Shaft Position on Ring • B. Key Outputs: • Summary statistics: • Shaft depth +uncertainty • C. Accessible Interface

5. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • 0km to 10km • Molasse / Moraine interface drops steeply to the north of Latitude ~46.27 (~North of Corsier) • To avoid tunnelling through the moraine under Lake Geneva, the ring needs to pass: • South of Latitude ~46.27 • Below ~250mASL. • Tunnel through moraine? Lake sediment rockhead? • EPBM? / Slurry TBM? / Immersed Tube (IMT)? [seismic survey carried out by Fiore (2011)]

6. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • 10km to 45km • Tunnel enters pre-alpine thrust front • Transition from Geneva Basin Molasse to overthrustedpre-alpine molasse and flysch • Subsurface contact is not expected to be clearly defined. • Faulting and Cretaceous basement extent to be determined • Tunnel engineering geology broadly similar across molasse sequences • La rivière de l’Arve at Chainage 25km will be underlain by moraine. It is not expected to clash with a graded alignment.

7. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • 45km to 75km • Tunnel intersects foothills of Southern Saleveand foothills of Vuache, bordering the molasse • Two main molasse sections underlie Les Usses and La Rhone. (peak of a graded alignment) • Connectivity with rivers, underground solution features, uncompactedsuperficials • Definition of rockhead level important here

8. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • 75km to 100km • Tunnel contacts between the foothills of the Jura and the MolasseBasin. • Tunnelling through sedimentary sequences may be unavoidable, unless whole alignment moved SE. • Better definition of rockhead contact needed.

9. Preliminary Geological Studies | Decision Aid Tool • Summary: Areas to Focus • Moraine/molasse boundary beneath Les Usses and La Rhone • Jura limestone/molasse boundary at the Northwest part of the ring • Lateral extent of subsurface limestone/sedimentary sequences at the Southern Saleve and Vuache • Further geological investigation, particularly of the sub-alpine molasse/flysch to cover: Effects of faulting, other geohazards and engineering geological features specific to the various sequences.

10. Geological Studies – Next Stages St-Claude Douvaine St-Julien-en Genevois Annemasse Annecy Bonneville Seyssel

11. Geological Studies – Next Stages e.g. Annemasse: Mapped Molasse-Quaternary Contact Annecy-Bonneville: Mapped cross-section on Saleve BRGM: Carte Geologique de la France a 1/50 000, no. 654 BRGM: Carte Geologique de la France a 1/50 000, no. 678

12. Next Stages Constraints • Geometric • Circumferencial variation • Ring shape e.g. quasi-circular, quasi-racetrack • Planarity • No. of shafts and spacing • Geological • Rockhead contacts: Quaternary | Molasse | Cretaceous • Geohazards: Faults, expansive soils, aquifers, stress, caves

13. Decision Aid Tool (GIS) – Next Stages Geometric Attributes Geotechnical Attributes Shieldhall Tunnel CERN: 80km Ring Concept Combined Attributes + Outputs ArcGIS Platform Gaming Engine Based Geological Models

14. Decision Aid Tool (GIS) – Next Stages Preliminary Proof of Concept http://glogis04/cern/index.php

15. Decision Aid Tool (GIS) – Next Stages

18. Available Data • http://infoterre.brgm.fr/viewerlite/MainTileForward.do • http://geoservices.brgm.fr/wms-c.html • Existing Investigations: • Annemasse – Isohypses du contact Molasse/Quaternaire • 1960s – Humilly-1/2 (St-Julien-de-Genevois), Faucigny-1 – Petroleum Exploration • Thônex – 1993 – geothermal investigation • Peissy-1 – Hydrocarbon wells • 7BHs – BP-France (Canton Geneva) • Mount Sion Motorway Tunnel – A41 • Lake Geneva Tunnel • UNIL: Applied Geology Research • CERN: LHC, VLHC (GADZ)

19. BRGM – French Geological Reference Platform • French Geological Reference Platform (http://www.brgm.eu/content/french-geological-reference-platform) • “Acquisition and management of geological data that involves the entire French geosciences community (university laboratories, companies, etc.) • 1/50 000 + subsoils databank (BSS) • Geological and geophysical surveys planned • Multi-annual programme that will be deployed in stages across France through regional work programmes”

20. BRGM – French Geological Reference Platform

21. Next Steps • Requirements & Granularity • Priorities & Critical Areas • Responsibilities & Collaborations • Opportunities PHYSICS GEOLOGY ENGINEERING GIS