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The Dynamics of Mating: Understanding Sexual Conflict and Reproductive Strategies in Animals

This chapter explores the intricate dynamics of mating and parenting among different species, focusing on sexual conflict stemming from the differing parental investments of males and females. It discusses how males fertilize as many females as possible, while females prioritize raising their young. The roles of sexual selection, including intrasexual and intersexual competition, are examined alongside examples of sexual dimorphism in various animals. Additionally, courtship rituals, lek displays, and alternative reproductive strategies highlight the complexities of animal reproduction, including hermaphroditism and sex change as survival strategies.

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The Dynamics of Mating: Understanding Sexual Conflict and Reproductive Strategies in Animals

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  1. Unit 2 Mating and Parenting Chapter 10

  2. Sexual Conflict • Each parent has a diff investment in young • Males do fertilizing, as many as possible • Females raise young • Both want to max their reprod success • Genders behave diff

  3. Sexual Selection • Used to max reprod potential • Sexual dimorphism- genders look and behave differently • Ex: elephant seals, primates, fish, hyenas, crayfish • It is more important to have reproduct. success than survival skills

  4. Intrasexual Selection • Members of one sex compete for mate • Males compete w/each other for females • Hoarding, guarding, repelling • Being sneaky • Sperm competition- remove old sperm 1st

  5. Intersexual Selection • Females choose which male they want • Males compete for female attention • Use sounds and displays • Ex: peacocks, bats, fish, kakapo, birds of paradise

  6. Courtship RitualsBoth genders interact • Functions: • 1. Identification • 2. Reduction of aggression • 3. Fitness assessment • 4. Mating readiness assessment • 5. Bonding

  7. Courtship DisplaysOne sex does this • Theories: • 1. Runaway evolution theory- originally the feature showed fitness, over generations it became more pronounced • 2. Good genes theory- those w/ handicap survive despite it, indicating fitness

  8. Lek displays • Place where males congregate to attract females • Chorus- when males call for females

  9. Alternative Reproductive Strategies • Hermaphrodites possess both male and female sex organs • Slow movers • Solitary lifestyles • Ex: worms, mollusks, certain fish, etc.

  10. Sex change as reprod strategy • Protogynous hermaphrodites- starts off as a female and changes into male • Protandrous hermaphrodites- starts off as a male and changes into female

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