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This overview explores the intricate architecture of a single board computer, highlighting essential components such as electronic integrated circuits that form the hardware backbone. It delves into different integration scales including SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI, focusing on VLSI's role in microprocessors, which may contain billions of transistors. Additionally, the significance of operating systems and diverse applications in everyday technology—from domestic appliances to industrial automation and communications—is examined, illustrating how computers shape modern life.
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Defining The Components of a Computer • What Elements Are Required? • Electronic Integrated Circuits which are configure together to form the Hardware Architecture of the computer • Software called the Operating System programme and makes the computer function and interact with the outside world
Electronic Integrated Circuits • These electronic circuits (collection of transistors) come in varying sizes, densities and functionally. • Small Scale Integration (SSI), Medium Scale Integration (MSI), Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) • VLSI would tend to be the domain for the central core processor called a Micro Processor and typically use 250 million to 1.5 billion transistors. The semiconductor is etched up to an resolution of 25nM ie. 0.000’000’025 of a meter
Software • Software is any code or programme that can run on a Computer (Micro Processor) and result in a function for that processor. • e.g. An Operating System such as Windows 7, Unix, Sun OS, MacOS 10 etc. • Computer Games, MicroSoft Office, iTunes etc., etc.
Computer Applications • Computer Applications where older mechanical mechanisms have been replaced. • Domestic Appliances:such as Microwaves, Cookers, Fridges, TV’s,…the list goes on…. • Transport: Cars, Aeroplanes, Trains etc. • Industry: Robots, Automated Production Lines,… • Communications: Mobile Phones, Satellites,… • Commercial: Cash registers, ATM, Type Writers… In Fact every facet of modern life has been influenced by the computer.
Types of Computers • There are basically 2 types of computer General Purpose Computer such as the standard Desktop PC, Laptop, Mainframe Computer which can run general purpose application software which is loaded up and run when required by an operator. Micro Controller which runs dedicated software for a specific purpose such as controlling the engine of a car, the flight of an aeroplane, the cycle of a washing machine, etc….
