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RISE OF DICTATORS

RISE OF DICTATORS. SHAPING EUROPE DURING THE 1920’s and 1930’s. HITLER: GERMANY. Born in Austria *not so good in school-lazy *wanted to be an artist-rejected from art school. *joined German army in WWI-received the Iron Cross for bravery.

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RISE OF DICTATORS

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  1. RISE OF DICTATORS SHAPING EUROPE DURING THE 1920’s and 1930’s

  2. HITLER: GERMANY Born in Austria *not so good in school-lazy *wanted to be an artist-rejected from art school. *joined German army in WWI-received the Iron Cross for bravery. *twice injured and badly gassed during the war (blamed the Bolsheviks and the Jews for loss of WWI) *joined and then became leader of the National Socialists German Workers Party.- Nazi Party *tried to overthrow gov’t in 1923-imprisoned for 9mths (wrote Mein Kempf-My Struggle) *With help of Great Depression-became Chancellor in 1933 *became dictator in 1935.

  3. Mussolini: Italy *devoutly religious school teacher. *was a socialist in his youth—switched when went to war (WWI) *organized vets and other discontented Italians into Fascist party. *organized gangs called “black shirts” that used terror and intimidation. *marched to Rome in 1922-and in fear of civil war the king bowed to pressure and gave him job of prime minister. *1925-took full power and became Il Duce. (the leader)

  4. BAD COMBO!!

  5. STALIN-SOVIET UNION Trained to be a priest-did not complete education. Left and went to city-eventually became a leader in Lenin’s gov’t. *appointed Gen. Sec. of Communist Party *when Lenin died-became de facto leader. *economic policy of rapid industrialization-at the cost of millions of human lives.

  6. During 1930’s military leaders began to expand the Japanese territory. *Because it was small islands and Korea—needed resources for growing population. *resented their dependence on foreign suppliers—made them economically and militarily vulnerable. *Had already gained some territory on the Asian mainland and wanted the rest to add to empire. **biggest target was Manchuria (northern China)—attacked it in 1931 and set up puppet government (Manchuko) *League of Nations condemned the actions so Japan left League. JAPAN-RISE OF MILITARISM • U.S and Open

  7. CAUSES: Treaty of Versailles solved nothing • Reparations left many people in the victorious nations feeling guilty.   The loss of all that land to other countries simply made Hitler's early aggression look justified.   Self-determination surrounded Germany by a lot of small nation states that fell easy prey to Germany.   But, most of all, the Treaty made the Germans angry, just waiting their chance for revenge.

  8. Causes: League of Nations failed to keep the peace • It was weak from the beginning, and had spectacular failures in Manchuria and in making Hitler keep the Treaty of Versailles.   It failed to achieve disarmament.   Countries left the failing League, and realized that they would have to fight a war.

  9. APPEASEMENT • Appeasement encouraged war.   It made Hitler think no one dare stop him, which encouraged him to go further and further until in the end he went too far.   The Sudetenland led Stalin to make the Nazi-Soviet Pact, because he believed he could not trust Britain.

  10. HITLER OF COURSE!! • 1. Conscription and Rearmament-began to build up armed forces-against Treaty • 2. Rhineland-invaded it (bluff but no one stopped him) • 3. Austria-went in and claimed it was part of Germany • 4. Munich/Sudetenland-demanded it (part of Czech.-Britain and France allowed him to take it.) • 5. Czechoslovakia-marched in and took it. • 6. Non-Aggression Pact-with Soviet Union • 7. Poland-took it Sept. 1939—Br. And Fr. Declare war.

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