Understanding the Protestant Reformation: Key Figures and Concepts

1. Bellringer • Place your homework (the dinner party!) in the bin. • Look over your Renaissance Notes • BJOTD: What did the alien say to the gardener?

2. After the Renaissance Quiz • When the computer is free, email me the link to your Prezi. • Work on the Reformation Reading guide using the purple book!

3. Quiz Review • Work with a partner next to you to go over the answers from your last quiz • What did you miss? What were you good on? What are your weaknesses? • What do you think you can do to improve your grade next time?

4. Quiz Remediation • 1 week • Must be written by HAND • Can use all notes and activities • Opportunity to earn extra points (50!!) in the purple category!

5. Bellringer • On the back of your homework from last night (the Reading Guide) please title the blank page “Bellringer 9/22/11” and complete this t-chart • BJOTD: Where does Santa hide his money? Classroom Activity The Reformation • The school attempted to raise money by selling points to students • ·Students who performed poorly on the quiz or other assignments were told they could still earn high grades by selling points • Students who honored the academic process or who couldn’t afford points were troubled by the policy, believing it unfair.

6. Objectives • The Students will know: • What simony, usury, and indulgences are • Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe • The Students will understand: • People desired a change in the way the Catholic Church was run in Europe • The Students will be able to: • Describe Martin Luther’s actions leading to the Protestant Reformation • List 3 reasons why people wanted church reform • Identify two earlier reformers of the church prior to Luther

7. Challenging the Authority of the Catholic Church

8. Church Abuses • Even before the Renaissance, people were critical of the Catholic Church. • Nobles in Germany and England hated the Italian domination of the Church • Merchants challenged the church’s view of no usury • Usury: lending money at a high rate of interest

9. Common Complaints: • Many priests were illiterate • Nuns and priests were having illegitimate children • Church officials were charging to see holy remains and objects • Simony:the practice of paying for a church position • Indulgences: They are certificates issued by the church for money that would reduce or cancel punishment for your sins FREEDOM FROM SIN

10. Early Attempts at Reform • John Wycliffe (1328-1384) • Catholic Priest and reformer • Beliefs • Felt that the church (and its officials) should be poor • Believed that church officials should not interfere with the government of a country

11. Jan Huss (1372-1415) • From Bohemia • Influenced by the ideas of John Wycliffe • Teacher at the University of Prague • Preached the ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out against indulgences

12. Jan Huss ends up being put on trial and burned at the stake for heresy • Heresy: a proposed change to a system of beliefs that conflicts with the established system • July 6th is considered a holiday in the Czech Republic

13. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

14. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

15. 1500s: The Renaissance Causes Unrest • The Renaissance values of humanism, individualism, and secularism stimulated widespread criticism of the Catholic Church • Why? • People began to think for and about themselves, and wondered why the Church, who abused their power, had so much of it.

16. The Protestant Reformation • A religious movement during the 1500s that attempted to reform the Roman Catholic Church, and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

17. Martin Luther • Who: German priest and reformer • Views: • Salvation by faith • A person can go to heaven based on faith alone • The Bible is the ultimate authority of religion • All humans are equal before god

18. Movie • Why did Pope Leo increase the sales of indulgences? • What is an indulgence? • Why was it beneficial for people to buy an indulgence?

19. Luther’s Protest • Pope Leo X (and Johann Tetzel) was trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome • So he sold INDULGENCES and church positions • Luther did not agree with this "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs”

20. Luther HATED this idea • Professor in Wittenburg, Germany • Lectured on a regular basis against the church’s actions that he deemed corrupt • On October 31, 1517 he nailed his “95 Theses” to the door of the Wittenburg church.

21. The 95 Theses • Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in Germany

22. Printed Copies were spread throughout Germany, and so… • Sales of Indulgences went down • Luther published more essays advocating Justification by Faith • Pope Leo X sent people to try to stop Luther but he refused to stop • So the Pope excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church • Excommunicated: kicked out of the church • Those who believed in Luther’s ideas became Lutherans

23. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

24. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

25. John Calvin (1509-1564) • Who: French religious scholar and pastor • 1536: Calvin wrote “Institutions of Christian Religion” which outlined his beliefs and helped spread the Protestant Movement • Views: • Predestination: God has already decided who will be saved (faith/good works won’t help!) • Your faith is revealed by living a righteous life • You need to have a strong work ethic (work hard!)

26. The Life of a Citizen • All citizens had to attend Reformed church services several times a week • The Consistory inspected homes annually to make sure that no one was disobeying laws • Harsh punishments were dispensed to people who disobeyed the laws NO… • Drunkenness • Fighting • Swearing • Gambling • Card playing • Dancing

27. Followers: Calvinists • Scotland: John Knox adapted Calvin’s views and created Presbyterianism

28. Henry VIII • Had some women troubles…. • How many wives did he have? What was the song? • Why did he come into conflict with the church, do you think?

29. Henry VIII • Who: King of England from 1509 until his death • Needed: a son! • He didn’t think his wife Catherine of Aragon could give him one, so he needed a divorce. • Divorce is illegal in the Catholic Church, and the pope refused to annul the marriage.

30. 1529-Henry left the Catholic Church • Passed the Act of Supremacy: a law that declared the King of England the head of the Church in England (instead of the Pope!) • He also stole all of the $$$ from the Catholic Churches in England.

31. The Terrible Tudors • Who ruled after Henry VIII? • What religion were each of these individuals?

32. Brain Pop: Queen Elizabeth • What religion was Elizabeth? • What policies did she encourage amongst her people concerning religion? • What else was she known for?

33. Elizabeth I • Who: Queen of England after her brother Edward and her sister Mary both died • Made Anglicanism the official religion of England • Encouraged religious tolerance (letting people believe in what they wanted to believe) • Defeated the Spanish Armada

34. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll. Poll: This individual believed that he had the...

35. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll. Poll: This individual believed that God has al...

36. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll. Poll: This person signed the Act of Supremacy.

37. Bellringer • Using your homework, on a piece of paper labeled “Bellringer 9/26/11” (# 15 in your notebook) please answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down!): • How did Luther feel about the Church? Why? • How did Henry VIII feel about the Church? Why? • How did Elizabeth I feel about her new Church? Why? Use your notes! • BJOTD: Why couldn’t the bike stand up on its own?

38. The Catholic Counter-Reformation

39. The Counter-Reformation (1545-1648) • A movement to change the Catholic Church in response to Protestant rebellions • What the Counter Reformation Did: • eliminated abuses • clarified Catholic theology, or religious beliefs • re-established the pope’s authority over church members

40. Council of Trent • Date: 1545-1563 • Purpose: to redefine the teachings of the Catholic Church • Result(s): • Forbade selling indulgences • Created religious schools • Confirmed that Catholics achieve salvation by faith and good works • Restarted the Inquisition • Inquisition: religious court responsible for finding and punishing heretics (people against the church)

42. Counter-Reformation Promoted Through Art • Baroque: • style that emphasized emotion, complexity, and exaggeration (This is Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s “Apollo and Daphne”)

43. Society of Jesus Founded to Spread Catholicism Around the World • Other Name: Jesuits • Founder: Ignatius of Loyola • What did they do? • Went to different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism • Opened universities in many countries • Became advisors to royal courts

44. Question Break • What were three changes that the Catholic Church made to try and fix its reputation?

45. The Political Impact of the Reformation in Europe • France • Protestants in France: Huguenots • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (August 24, 1572) • What happened? • 3,000 Huguenotskilled in France in one day

46. Edict of Nantes passed in 1598 • Law passed in France that gave Huguenots religious freedom

47. Bellringer • Please turn in your Remediation to the bin. • Use your notes to answer the worksheet on the social changes. • Objective: SWBAT assess the effects of relevant social changes during the Renaissance and Reformation as well as review for an upcoming test. • BJOTD: Why did the baker bake more bread?

48. German States in the Holy Roman Empire • The Peasant’s Revolt • Serfs demanded: freedom from serfdom • Luther said: show them no mercy!

49. Luther’s Inspiration to German Princes (1529) • Princes split into two sides • One group supported the Pope • One group supported Luther’s ideas

50. Peace of Augsburg (1555) • Meeting of German princes in the HRE • Decision: the religion of each German state could be decided by its ruler